tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59483529433629758052024-03-13T04:07:54.528-07:00NephiCodeDelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.comBlogger3947125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-41508065190825621402022-02-13T12:48:00.001-08:002022-02-13T12:48:25.052-08:00Podcast about Del DowDell's work<p> Going through my fathers emails after his death. I came across a request for my father to do a interview for the podcast <i>Mormon</i> <i>Theories</i> by Ryan Hinckley. A long time follower of my Dad's work, Owen Ira Terry had suggested Ryan do an interview with my father. I let Ryan know my father had just past away. I also let him know I am not an expert like my father was on the subject. I did tell Ryan I could talk on my fathers work and give it some color from the conversations we have had over the years. Ryan took me up on the offer and below is a link to the podcast. It was fun talking to Ryan and I hope I did my father justice. I made a few mistakes, it's a challenge to be 100% accurate with a interview with no notes or reference material. Overall, I do think the majority of what I said was accurate to the work my father has produced over the last 30 years. Please listen and support the podcast below and let us know what you thought.<br /></p><p><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://anchor.fm/ryan-hinckley1/episodes/011-Devon-DowDell-The-South-American-Model-for-Book-of-Mormon-Geography-e1e9hn3&source=gmail&ust=1644870542847000&usg=AOvVaw0s8lOWyUJt9qi_7XuqbPog" href="https://anchor.fm/ryan-hinckley1/episodes/011-Devon-DowDell-The-South-American-Model-for-Book-of-Mormon-Geography-e1e9hn3" target="_blank">https://anchor.fm/ryan-<wbr></wbr>hinckley1/episodes/011-Devon-<wbr></wbr>DowDell-The-South-American-<wbr></wbr>Model-for-Book-of-Mormon-<wbr></wbr>Geography-e1e9hn3</a></p><p><br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-79150418311367647192022-01-13T10:30:00.000-08:002022-01-13T10:30:46.558-08:00<p> My Dad (Del DowDell) had worked to give me access to all his work before his death. I will be maintaining his blog, website and books. Working with my mother after the funeral we will be working on articles to keep his work alive. Any books ordered will be shipped now and into the future. We have access to all the comments here and his contacts. We would like to make any comment on his life, work, and death you would like to share on his memory wall at the funeral. Please send any comments and let me know if your ok with us sharing them with family and friends.</p><p>nephicode@gmail.com</p><p><br /></p><p>You can reach me at the below:</p><p>Devon DowDell</p><p>email:devondowdell1@gmail.com</p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-29290639798213678052022-01-13T08:17:00.003-08:002022-01-13T10:53:43.040-08:00Del DowDell January 28, 1936 - January 12, 2022<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKQnbqImDMksnDZz5QjZyt2OGcmKZZgzI-UCaFCHk5Z1sLPr2MycXDPzHDdXEloiUCaYUak9U_vDHn3760CUNc2GRtFuL5ZvXillXcbrNuj4nTqSzNx2tdc65o46rLn8TKx_8bsis3kVEuQq3HeoZ9GK3_b58uMAodG8MCRsnbW8cEqMvNRAnO4Aw3=s2016" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKQnbqImDMksnDZz5QjZyt2OGcmKZZgzI-UCaFCHk5Z1sLPr2MycXDPzHDdXEloiUCaYUak9U_vDHn3760CUNc2GRtFuL5ZvXillXcbrNuj4nTqSzNx2tdc65o46rLn8TKx_8bsis3kVEuQq3HeoZ9GK3_b58uMAodG8MCRsnbW8cEqMvNRAnO4Aw3=w244-h315" width="244" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> It's with a heavy heart that I report my father Del DowDell passed away about 4:00 pm yesterday, 1/12/2022. My father had many loves in his life, one of them was this blog and his work on the Book of Mormon, the other his family and wife. The many readers comments and support were cherished by my father. He had a stroke Sunday after a year and a half of poor health. His mind has always been strong, but his body was just not up to the task. Tuesday with the help of his wife, he called up all his seven kids to tell them he loved them. After the calls to his kids he told my Mother he loved her dearly. In the call he made to me on Tuesday, I asked my Dad if he wrote a blog today, he said "I don't think I'll be writing anymore blogs". I knew at that time Dad would not be around much longer. My two brothers and I were able to go down to St. George and give him a blessing and release him from this life. Two hours later Dad took his last breath and made his journey to be with his hero's on the other side. <p></p><p>My Dad in his youth was a very good Baseball player. He loved Baseball and taught us kids life through Baseball analogies. As a young kid in the late 80's, I remember my Dad telling a favorite baseball joke.</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 30px auto; max-width: none; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Two old men had been best friends for years, and they both live to their early 80's, when one of them suddenly falls deathly ill. His friend comes to visit him on his deathbed, and they're reminiscing about their long friendship. The friend says, "Listen, when you die, do me a favor. I want to know if there's baseball in heaven."</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 30px auto; max-width: none; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The dying man responds, "We've been friends for a lifetime, so yes, I'll do this for you." And then he dies.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 30px auto; max-width: none; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A few days later, the surviving friend is sleeping, when he hears his friend's voice.</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 30px auto; max-width: none; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"I've got some good news and some bad news," it says. "The good news is: there's baseball in heaven."</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 30px auto; max-width: none; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"What's the bad news?"</p></div><div class="primary-cli cli cli-text" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 30px auto; max-width: none; padding: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"You're pitching on Wednesday."</p></div></blockquote><p>Dad was called up to Pitch in heaven this Wednesday. I love him, a son couldn't of asked for a better father. I can't help but think the lord needed my Dad on the other side to help with what's coming in the future. I'll miss you Dad, I love you!</p><div class="cli cli-advertisement advertisement-holder" style="box-sizing: content-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="advertisement" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><div class="ad-entry_paragraph_1 ad-spot--gam ad-spot--gam-inline-1" id="ad-inline-1-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="pg-placeholder" id="public-good-placeholder" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: ProximaNova; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="pgs-dpg-btn" data-loaded="true" data-pgs-partner-id="verizon-huffpost" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" widget-loading="true"></div></div>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-86536245038496335912022-01-06T06:00:00.040-08:002022-01-06T06:00:00.187-08:00Clarifying Points Being Questioned – Part III<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Continued
from the previous post of a reader who seems to delight in attacking our
website, so we are taking a few articles to respond:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">•
Comment: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">About five kilometers
inland from the island of Molatupu in the autonomous Guna Yala Comarca in the
San Blas Islands of Panama is a broad plain once called Acla (Place of Bones)
in the extinct Cueva indigenous language</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWFJ47_yxr0C9nOfIwgLkHiJ3xzN5QaLZKSo02vChKUBba6uYdaWSyNbSge-A51ZnkYqzUvqVt989xRL8rYylRt4tPA-EITrQIrvnV_LP7CPTzVFujpVbuYculg-iEMIk3Uz02Lo3PKNzkwOEnkQvDso5pfWapFj5-kUEkLt_aV0v0N4jyFjFI9rVx=s1284" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1284" data-original-width="964" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWFJ47_yxr0C9nOfIwgLkHiJ3xzN5QaLZKSo02vChKUBba6uYdaWSyNbSge-A51ZnkYqzUvqVt989xRL8rYylRt4tPA-EITrQIrvnV_LP7CPTzVFujpVbuYculg-iEMIk3Uz02Lo3PKNzkwOEnkQvDso5pfWapFj5-kUEkLt_aV0v0N4jyFjFI9rVx=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="tkwrsb-mxwxje-ij8cu-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guna Yala,
formerly known as San Blas, is a comarca indígena in northeast Panama. Guna
Yala is home to the indigenous people known as the Gunas</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="tkwrsb-mxwxje-ij8cu-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Gaigirgordub,
called El Porvenir until July 1, 2016, is the capital of the Panamanian comarca
of Guna Yala. The settlement is located on a small island and contains a
landing strip, a museum, a hotel, government offices, and an artisans'
cooperative—there is also a small beach. In fact, threre are some 1600 islands
within the range of Panama.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2gSQBZjXp9bd1DG2TbeBQKpZeXcbEDaua2VxGJqC3DdqGx9VP2ydCWo1NkZ4-q3zzyA5OBEjidOBIEBbJRCg4g1whDH4hiXZGPxA4IyQK5snGum60MYfy_BK5dTyWiW7MVq9V0Jcf6jhFGhUIE6903OIOVEqAkJLEWpISrv1Oj2kHgmvk2Q8RMyTQ=s1288" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1288" data-original-width="1152" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2gSQBZjXp9bd1DG2TbeBQKpZeXcbEDaua2VxGJqC3DdqGx9VP2ydCWo1NkZ4-q3zzyA5OBEjidOBIEBbJRCg4g1whDH4hiXZGPxA4IyQK5snGum60MYfy_BK5dTyWiW7MVq9V0Jcf6jhFGhUIE6903OIOVEqAkJLEWpISrv1Oj2kHgmvk2Q8RMyTQ=w358-h400" width="358" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Culebra Cut (Gaillard Cut): Passage across the region and through
Gaillard Cut was made possible by damming the Chagres River at Gatun. It
created the massive Gatun Lake wich manages the differences in the river’s rate
of flow. Note the closeness of the cuts to the Panama Canal</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de
Balboa helped establish the first stable settlement on the South American
continent at Darién, on the coast of the Isthmus of Panama. Balboa (which means
“beautiful valley,”) was born in <span class="hgkelc">1475 in Jerez de los
Caballeros, a town in the Spanish region of impoverished Extremadura—an area
which also produced </span>other famous New World conquistadors, including
Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando de Soto and Francisco de Orellana.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Balboa’s father was considered a
nobleman, he was a descendant of the Lord mason of the castle of <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Balboa</span></i>, on the borders of León and
Galicia; however, the family was not wealthy, so Balboa tried farming and fell
heavily into debt. Fleeing the consequence of the debt, he sought, like many of
his class, to seek his fortune in the New World and stowed away on a ship which
landed in Colombia. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">He immediately began exploring the
coast of Colombia (along the Caribbean Sea), and <span class="hgkelc">wrangled a
sponsored by the Spanish crown. King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella
of Castile sponsored Balboa during his exploration of the New World. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hearing of gold and other riches in
a wealthy Empire to the south (evidently in Peru), Balboa decided to cross
Panama to get to what the Spaniards called the Mar del Sur (South Sea) and what
Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, in the employ of Spain called this
body of water <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">pacific</span></i>, due
to the calmness of the water at the time ('<i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">pacific</span></i>'
means peaceful).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magellan began his journey across
the Atlantic Ocean to seek a western route to the Spice Islands via South
America. After long months of battling the Atlantic Ocean, he finally entered
the Pacific and found it so calm and tranquil that he named these waters <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">pacific</span></i> ('<i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">pacific</span></i>' means peaceful). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Covering approximately 59 million
square miles and containing more than half of the free water on Earth, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">the Pacific is by far the largest of the world's
ocean basins—all of the world's continents could fit into the Pacific basi</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2c4tKYGtGcOp3M0KUXZUax8VD3F728BCTr3l4E3-VPyrBynIjoLf3uNcdy2w9H_5qn4c5x1ePSr267mBB-f7jLvXes3kYn2VsIhBNWFl-VfK5mb0sIxLGDbgSyD6Wnyd1ynvI5Torfxd1T48Q-I4bAP121dmVZdhDHKhwnh2uUgkiPDbDK258TOBI=s1346" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1098" data-original-width="1346" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2c4tKYGtGcOp3M0KUXZUax8VD3F728BCTr3l4E3-VPyrBynIjoLf3uNcdy2w9H_5qn4c5x1ePSr267mBB-f7jLvXes3kYn2VsIhBNWFl-VfK5mb0sIxLGDbgSyD6Wnyd1ynvI5Torfxd1T48Q-I4bAP121dmVZdhDHKhwnh2uUgkiPDbDK258TOBI=w400-h326" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Culebra Cut. An artificial valley along the Pacific Ocean to Gatun
Lake and eventually the Caribbean Sea. Water level here is 85 feet above sea
level, with Contractor's Hill on the left and Gold Hill on the right</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In September 1513, leaving from <span class="hgkelc">Darién, </span>Balboa led an expedition of some 190 Spaniards and hundreds
of Indians southward across the Isthmus of Panama. <span class="hgkelc">He hoped
that if he was successful, he would win the favor of Ferdinand, the king of
Spain, and therefore gain his sponsorship. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They marched across the isthmus
through dense jungles, rivers, and swamps. Finally, on September 27, 1513,
after ascending a hill by himself, Balboa sighted the South Sea, or the Pacific
Ocean. The journey covered 45 miles, and took three <span class="hgkelc">weeks to
cross through the thick jungles of Panama. After hacking his way through the
jungle Balboa was still not able to see the Pacific Ocean until he climbed a
mountain peak—becoming </span>the first European to see the eastern shore of
the great South Sea (the Pacific Ocean), on September 13, 1513<span class="hgkelc">. It was several days later that he actually reached what he later
called San Miguel.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While he is often erroneously
credited for naming this sea, it was actually named by Magellan during his
circumnavigation of the globe. Magellan named it as such because its waters
seemed so calm in comparison with the Atlantic Ocean that he named it <i>Pacifica</i>
(meaning peaceful).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and
all its shores for Spain, which delighted <span class="hgkelc">the Crown—an act
which brought fame to Balboa as well as a sponsorship of the Spanish king.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This one act opened the way for
Spanish exploration and conquest along the western coast of South America, giving
Spain a solid foothold in this region of the world. It was through Balboa's
conquest of this region and the information he gained through exploration that
conquests further south could be made, such as that over the Incas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some days later he reached the shore
of the Pacific at the Gulf of San Miguel and took possession of the South Sea
and the adjacent lands for Spain. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At this time, Acla was a Spanish </span><span class="w"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;">colonial</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span class="w">town</span>
<span class="w">founded</span> <span class="w">by</span> <span class="w">order</span>
<span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">Governor</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">Castilla</span> <span class="w">de</span> <span class="w">Oro</span>, <span class="w">Pedrarias</span> <span class="w">Dávila</span>,
<span class="w">in</span> <span class="w">1515</span>. <span class="w">It</span> <span class="w">was</span> <span class="w">located</span> <span class="w">on</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">central</span> <span class="w">coastline</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">modern</span>-<span class="w">day</span> <span class="w">Kuna</span> <span class="w">Yala</span>, <span class="w">to</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">northeast</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">Panamá</span>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEit4YqHRsYUY4FpuDNzPPfI9dF46mL4J0flUNXQFd1NIg5g17qlXqiH9cVgaqMG-Uinc45Ifl0RZQa3cBLnxNbiHLF66ProyEWQozhBKu9TjRpVEsSxjCFEMpDMyxmnlPvC_yzYiVFV7aERK7mpTPZ8xbw1LufrXFkvtVd0g_MXzRReiXM4YkDPkFof=s1146" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="726" data-original-width="1146" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEit4YqHRsYUY4FpuDNzPPfI9dF46mL4J0flUNXQFd1NIg5g17qlXqiH9cVgaqMG-Uinc45Ifl0RZQa3cBLnxNbiHLF66ProyEWQozhBKu9TjRpVEsSxjCFEMpDMyxmnlPvC_yzYiVFV7aERK7mpTPZ8xbw1LufrXFkvtVd0g_MXzRReiXM4YkDPkFof=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
ground was strewn with bones</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="w"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span class="w">town</span>'<span class="w">s</span> <span class="w">name</span> <span class="w">means</span> “<span class="w">bones</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">men</span>” <span class="w">in</span> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acla</i>, <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">indigenous</span> <span class="w">language</span>.
<span class="w">The</span> <span class="w">name</span> <span class="w">comes</span> <span class="w">from</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">large</span> <span class="w">number</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">bones</span> <span class="w">strewn</span> <span class="w">about</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">nearby</span> <span class="w">plains</span>, <span class="w">which</span> <span class="w">supposedly</span> <span class="w">came</span> <span class="w">from</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">conflicts</span> <span class="w">between</span> <span class="w">two</span> <span class="w">indigenous</span> <span class="w">brothers</span>
<span class="w">who</span> <span class="w">fought</span> <span class="w">to</span> <span class="w">become chiefs</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">region</span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="w"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span class="w">town</span>
<span class="w">was</span> <span class="w">established</span> <span class="w">principally</span>
<span class="w">to</span> <span class="w">be</span> <span class="w">the</span> Caribbean
<span class="w">anchor</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">a</span> <span class="w">trail</span> <span class="w">that</span> <span class="w">was</span> <span class="w">planned</span> <span class="w">to</span> <span class="w">lead</span> <span class="w">to</span> <span class="w">a</span> <span class="w">future</span> <span class="w">town</span> <span class="w">on</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">Gulf</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">San</span> <span class="w">Miguel</span> <span class="w">on</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">Pacific</span> <span class="w">Ocean</span>, <span class="w">which</span> <span class="w">had</span> <span class="w">recently</span> <span class="w">been</span> <span class="w">discovered</span> <span class="w">by</span> <span class="w">Balboa</span>. <span class="w">This</span> <span class="w">town</span> <span class="w">is</span> <span class="w">mostly</span> <span class="w">famous</span> <span class="w">because</span> <span class="w">it</span> <span class="w">was</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">site</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">judgement</span> <span class="w">and</span> <span class="w">decapitation</span>
<span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">Balboa</span> <span class="w">in</span> <span class="w">1519</span> <span class="w">at</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">hands</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">Governor</span> <span class="w">Dávila</span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="w"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Due</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Palatino; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span class="w">to</span>
<span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">unhealthy</span> <span class="w">nature</span>
<span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">climate</span> <span class="w">and</span> <span class="w">terrain</span> <span class="w">surrounding</span>
<span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">town</span>, <span class="w">and</span> <span class="w">especially</span> <span class="w">after</span> <span class="w">the</span> <span class="w">founding</span> <span class="w">of</span> <span class="w">Panama</span> <span class="w">City</span> <span class="w">and</span> <span class="w">Nombre</span> <span class="w">de</span> <span class="w">Dios</span> <span class="w">a</span> <span class="w">few</span> <span class="w">months</span> <span class="w">later</span>, <span class="w">it</span> <span class="w">was</span> <span class="w">slowly</span> <span class="w">abandoned</span> <span class="w">until</span> <span class="w">it</span> <span class="w">was</span> <span class="w">left</span> <span class="w">totally</span> <span class="w">deserted</span> <span class="w">in</span> <span class="w">1532</span>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Comment: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the north end of the plain is a 500 feet tall hill, which is small
compared to the nearby mountains. Beneath the soil and occasionally on the soil
surface, thousands of human bones extend for as far as the eye can see.
Five-hundred years ago, Balboa passed across this plain and wrote of these
bones during his expedition to the Pacific side of the isthmus. He recorded
that skulls and other parts of human skeletons filled the plain. The Cueva
tribesmen with his expedition…explained that the name "Acla" comes
from the large number of human bones strewn about the plain, which supposedly
came from a time when two mighty nations destroyed each other in a great battle
of mutual annihilation</i>.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVJQy3p2c82-Ex2TA0Sgx7Cbsf3C1KlZvVHcYZRuZedUEAxIKMfC8540up-ebxzpwTvmYbrJJPD5gQkwZb7fWjNfHrGwgqg1rF-MzJkKhuwBAGzjkTxjrBnaNQZGxnH5P6xoB1wybA7g_abnzLMvsEcsXMEgyzAHnXFmeRiR0eu1Ubxn-kKNwfALlb=s1460" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1460" data-original-width="976" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVJQy3p2c82-Ex2TA0Sgx7Cbsf3C1KlZvVHcYZRuZedUEAxIKMfC8540up-ebxzpwTvmYbrJJPD5gQkwZb7fWjNfHrGwgqg1rF-MzJkKhuwBAGzjkTxjrBnaNQZGxnH5P6xoB1wybA7g_abnzLMvsEcsXMEgyzAHnXFmeRiR0eu1Ubxn-kKNwfALlb=w268-h400" width="268" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">None
of these hills match what Mormon wrote about the hill Cumorah where the final
battle took place</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response: First,
according to the International Committee of the Red Cross, there are an
estimated100,000 missing persons, people’s whose bodies have not been found. Second,
no doubt there are hundreds of such incidents where nations, that is paranoid
and narcissistic leaders of two groups of people who fought to the death of
everyone—we see two of these in the Book of Mormon (“Over 100,000 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">missing people is a global crisis, says Red
Cross,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">India Today Magazine</i>, New
Delhi, 2018, </span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The issue is that the information
should match Mormon’s description of the events, which the battles at Acla simply
do not.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for more
information about this battle Mormon mentions and the lack of connection to the
hill at San Blas)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-33980378254647528892022-01-04T06:00:00.031-08:002022-01-04T06:00:00.180-08:00Clarifying Points Being Questioned - Part II<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Continuing from the previous post regarding
a reader’s critical evaluation of some of our posts and our responses.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Comment: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">About 87 kilometers south of the isthmus, is a narrow strip of mountain
wilderness composed of the northern limit of the Andes with summits above 17,000
feet. South of the Andean wilderness is a plain extending from Venezuela into
Colombia. While this area presently produces most of the corn, rice and cereal
grains in Venezuela and Colombia, in colonial times Venezuela shipped more than
1,700,000 quintals of wheat from this region to Mexico. Today, very little.”</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response: Today Venezuelan farmers
in this area produce no wheat or barley but 700 thousand tons of corn (Zea
mays) and 170 thousand tons of rice. This region is known as the "bread
basket" of Venezuela. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Producing on the Colombian side of
the border, 1.18 million tons of corn, 20 thousand tons of barley, and 4.4
thousand tons of wheat. These Nephite crops yield well in this part of South
America.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4P9xU6C7csJoQ-oX9JX4uvQIGs23U-y9OLAVDA2mdBi5STEhgCVH5nkd90Wd3p2NOdnkG4bWOXVPmzRyO5YfJc_7xRq0Ha7APh5RIbvjpRh3K4zauafcXlt6caV6V2lWkfdkJOcfRHd0PdAwSVk7qbo4ACdQat9umn5B0wXMguSeC_14Gyw7FzCPg=s1270" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1270" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4P9xU6C7csJoQ-oX9JX4uvQIGs23U-y9OLAVDA2mdBi5STEhgCVH5nkd90Wd3p2NOdnkG4bWOXVPmzRyO5YfJc_7xRq0Ha7APh5RIbvjpRh3K4zauafcXlt6caV6V2lWkfdkJOcfRHd0PdAwSVk7qbo4ACdQat9umn5B0wXMguSeC_14Gyw7FzCPg=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Left: Wheat; Center; Barley; Right: Quinoa</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In
addition, there is the super grain called<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Quinoa (Keen-wa)</i>: </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chief growing areas for the world’s quinoa crop are in Peru
and Bolivia, with Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina represented to a lesser
degree. Altogether this area produces 117 million pounds of quinoa annually,
about a third of which is organic.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Small family farms—70,000 just in
Bolivia—grow virtually all of this quinoa, without irrigation, in a desert-like
landscape. Fortunately for these subsistence farmers, world-wide interest in
quinoa is skyrocketing. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The so-called “gold of the Incas,” Quinoa was the
food of choice for Andean warriors who needed to boost their stamina. Now, it’s
the “it” food of the moment in much of North America, Europe and Asia. With
high levels of protein, fiber, iron, magnesium, lysine, manganese and vitamin
B12 as well as zinc, copper, and potassium, its classification as a superfood
is very much deserved. What’s more, quinoa’s sky-high fiber levels can help
reduce cholesterol and prevent heart disease. Grown in the high Andes, quinoa
is usually boiled just like a grain, though it’s actually a seed from a plant
related to wild spinach. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the U.S. alone, imports more than
doubled from 2006 to 2008, then doubled again, to 22.3 million pounds, from
2008 to 2010. This has translated into a major jump in the local economy, with
many farmers’ incomes doubling in recent years, enabling their communities to
build schools and otherwise improve their standard of living. In the U.S. and
Canada, quinoa is now being grown in areas of the Rocky Mountains, from
Colorado to Saskatchewan, mostly at elevations of 7,000 to 10,000 feet. South
America Quinoa has an enormous genetic range, including cultivars that can
thrive from sea level to about 13,000 feet in altitude. As for his comment that
“</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Comment: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">But not in the Andes, where wheat, barley, corn and cotton do not grow</i>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9nZNOtZCiiqO1EdW5pZbKQAvw-2f3sGsmdYegdw-xM1wnHbThpM3gRY8RtER1Ao2HNTsAE243kBYOS9R14jvto1cBvBINRxI8ihF47H9hez-fiXU8kyZbcE18xcD02F9f4S4wlVUtvlacjHzrozao3sdnd2dCvPowsQbU763X99Xma8L3RwHvH_79=s1346" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1346" data-original-width="1162" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9nZNOtZCiiqO1EdW5pZbKQAvw-2f3sGsmdYegdw-xM1wnHbThpM3gRY8RtER1Ao2HNTsAE243kBYOS9R14jvto1cBvBINRxI8ihF47H9hez-fiXU8kyZbcE18xcD02F9f4S4wlVUtvlacjHzrozao3sdnd2dCvPowsQbU763X99Xma8L3RwHvH_79=s320" width="276" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Wheat was once a major
production in the Andes. Now South America has switched to quinoa</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: At one
time, wheat grew profusely in the Andes. Today, wheat is a minor crop <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">in Peru</span> with most
of the production concentrated in the temperate, southern highlands. Grown at 9,185
to 11,480 feet above sea level, production remains limited only by geography as
well as current economics. The Peruvian farmer cultivates only about two
hectares of wheat, on average. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The traditional and most frequent method of
consumption of Wheat production is lightly roasted, ground grains which produce
a pleasant flour called <i>cañihuaco. </i>This is consumed on its own, in cold
or hot drinks, or in porridges. Over 15 different ways of preparing the whole
grain and <i>cañihuaco </i>are known (as entrees, soups, stews, desserts and
drinks). In the bakery industry good results have been achieved by adding 20
percent of <i>cañihuaco </i>to wheat flour, which gives the product (bread,
biscuits) a pleasant characteristic color and flavor. <i>Cañihuaco </i>also has
medicinal uses: it counteracts altitude sickness and fights dysentery while the
ashes of its stem can be used as a repellent against insect and spider bites.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">However, in recent years the </span><span class="kx21rb"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">economics
of crop growth is being directed by ministers who are moving the Peruvian
farmer into <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quinoa</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kiwichi</i> production, of which Peru has
millions of tons of each that could be produced. It is a slow process to gear
up and become successful, but some companies are already achieving exceptional
growth results.</span></span><span class="kx21rb"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="kx21rb"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Corn</span></i></span><span class="kx21rb"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
As for corn (maize), </span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">it was grown and eaten by
people living in the Andes in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Peru at
least 1,000 years earlier</span> than previously thought, researchers said: “They
show on-site processing of maize into flour and provide direct evidence for the
deliberate movement of plant foods by humans from the tropical forest to the
highlands</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Barley</span></i></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.
As for barley, planted in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">zones above 9,850
feet and up to 16,400 feet, </span>where adverse climatic conditions do not
allow other crops to be grown, barley is the main food security component for
the 3 million native Peruvians living off subsistence agriculture in the
Peruvian Andes. In the midst of these high mountains, quinoa is a staple food
that surpasses wheat and corn in nutritional value.</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Cotton</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">. As for cotton, </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peru has
optimal growing conditions for pima cotton</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <span class="hgkelc">The
northern coastal valleys of Peru are pima cotton's ideal home, due to the
region’s rich soil and perfect temperatures, which results in the cotton having
an unbelievably soft hand and beautiful luster. Thanks to ideal growing
conditions hand harvesting, and extra-long staple length, Peruvian Pima cotton
is <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the world's finest</span>, prized
for its unusual durability, softness and brilliant shine. It is softer and more
absorbent as compared to other kinds of cotton.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="hgkelc"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWQ9Cf6BtCB5HUmEkZUcC2QZGuPOX0Q3mbbkCZYrF2vMZdoSD9rlEFxMdvitOjV-ruA7xydBUmHZcbfnv6UVspt3zBAGDjEp0IVSVEsjlLEZEbD_S_dIOhcO8bTaCTd4isv5W3XicooGqLBNy3hbb2GEqK84Crd8PHVKz9RJTh1PHc47V-k9ugrxE6=s1026" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="1026" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWQ9Cf6BtCB5HUmEkZUcC2QZGuPOX0Q3mbbkCZYrF2vMZdoSD9rlEFxMdvitOjV-ruA7xydBUmHZcbfnv6UVspt3zBAGDjEp0IVSVEsjlLEZEbD_S_dIOhcO8bTaCTd4isv5W3XicooGqLBNy3hbb2GEqK84Crd8PHVKz9RJTh1PHc47V-k9ugrxE6=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Truck Containers once brought wheat to
the Americas from Peru, now it is quinoa</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Quinoa</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">. High in the Andes of South America, quinoa grows
on land where one might be surprised to find anything flourishing—let alone a
crop as nutritious and versatile as quinoa. In summer the sun blazes down
mercilessly through the thin atmosphere, while winter is characterized by
frigid blasts. The soil is thin and rainfall scarce—yet, quinoa not only grows
but thrives on the <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">altiplano, or high
plains.</span></i> Chief growing areas for the world’s quinoa crop are in Peru
and Bolivia, with Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina represented to a lesser
degree. Altogether this area produces 117 million pounds of quinoa
annually, about a third of which is organic.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Anciently,
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">the
quinoa is a food plant which was extensively cultivated in the Andean region by
pre-Columbian cultures some 5000 years ago and was used in the diet of the
settlers both of the inter-Andean valleys. which are very cold high areas, and
of the high plateaus. After maize. it has occupied the most prominent place
among Andean grains. Today, ministers want to make quinoa the grain of the
world, replacing wheat and corn.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Comment: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In Venezuela there is a narrow neck of land that runs north and south
connecting the mainland to a huge, desolate desert peninsula that is so hot and
dry with soils so salty that agriculture is impossible. This narrow neck of
land is the Isthmus of Médanos, and the peninsula is the Peninsula de Paraguaná
(Desolation in the extinct Mariche indigenous language). The peninsula and its
connecting isthmus are part of the Venezuelan semi-arid coastal state of Falcon</i>.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: The
Médanos Isthmus is a sandy isthmus in Venezuela that connects the Paraguaná
Peninsula with the rest of Falcón State. The isthmus is approximately 4 miles
wide and 17 miles long. It is the site of the Médanos de Coro National Park,
and </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">is a Venezuelan national park occupying
the sandy Isthmus of Médanos, which connects mainland Venezuela to the
Paraguaná Peninsula in the Caribbean Sea, that covers an area of more than 35
square miles.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Set along the Isthmus of Médanos, on the northern
(Caribbean) coast of Venezuela, the National Park is made up of three zones:</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">• </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">an alluvial plain, formed by the
delta of the Mitare River and some smaller streams</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•an
aeolian plain, composed of three types of dunes</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• a
littoral plain with a belt of mangrove swamps</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNlGgVDdyCBhloIbL5KqF44tvP588zQy_l8QF2cuJaxrDCFwLzMmhmEtfJfo6GlLzSK6LIIOEdlMLMjl9XblnrvxsMoIFnttYfM9HIgYWztj2Fy5R_zGRBkEwi6M7ewT0_Vowm6CyEKBDg18VsH7qNOA2a_R28aJewq2rFfjzX-Jb3fdafnXV0Lsrl=s1472" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="972" data-original-width="1472" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNlGgVDdyCBhloIbL5KqF44tvP588zQy_l8QF2cuJaxrDCFwLzMmhmEtfJfo6GlLzSK6LIIOEdlMLMjl9XblnrvxsMoIFnttYfM9HIgYWztj2Fy5R_zGRBkEwi6M7ewT0_Vowm6CyEKBDg18VsH7qNOA2a_R28aJewq2rFfjzX-Jb3fdafnXV0Lsrl=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Médanos Isthmus is a sandy
isthmus in Venezuela that connects the Paraguaná Peninsula </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The only
extensive area of sand dunes in South America</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Médanos de Coro National Park protects part of the
Paraguaná xeric scrub ecoregion. It covers 35 square miles of desert and
coastal habitat, including salt marshes. Flora consists of little more than
thorny shrubs. The park is an Important Bird Area with some 21 species
including Yellow-shouldered amazon. Other fauna is scarce; the park is home
mainly to lizards, rabbits, anteaters and foxes. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It
should be noted that this isthmus is in the </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Paraguaná</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> xeric scrub ecoregion and has no bearing on anything Mormon
wrote.</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The isthmus is approximately 4 miles
wide and 17 miles long. It is the site of the Médanos de Coro National Park,
and </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">is a Venezuelan national park
occupying the sandy Isthmus of Médanos, which connects mainland Venezuela to
the Paraguaná Peninsula in the Caribbean Sea, that covers an area of more than 35
square miles.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">(See
the next post for more information regarding this peninsula)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-68426141189194990242022-01-03T06:00:00.005-08:002022-01-03T06:00:00.173-08:00Clarifying Points Being Questioned – Part I<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"> <span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We have received a lengthy set of
comments from a reader whose antagonism is quite obvious, but totally uncalled
for:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Comment: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">First, there are a couple of things that bolster your wrong-headed
notion that the Nephites colonized Chile and Peru. The only places in the
Western Hemisphere that Book of Mormon names for landmarks and towns dating to
ancient times is South America. In northern South America, there is a Rio Moron
in a land of Moron and a city of Moron on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela</i>.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: First
the Nephites were never in Chile after Nephi left to colonize Peru. As for the
name Morón, there are 16 cities or locations world-wide given the name Morón,
including including ones in Greece, France, Switzerland, Argentina, Buenas
Aires, Cuba, Haiti, Mongolia, Philippines, Taft, Spain and Alaska. In addition,
there are varius people world-wide named Morón, and several dishes, including Filipino
cuisine, or rice cake similar to Sumin, and called Morón.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, there are the Book of
Mormon names found all over the Great Lakes, such as Angola; Jerusalem; Alma,
Lehigh for a Lehi; Ogath for Agath; Moron for Morin, Onidah for Oneida, Ramah
for Rama; Kishkumen for Kiskiminetas; Jacobugath for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jacobsburg; Shilom for Siloh.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Comment:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Second is the verifiable and reliable
history of chickens. In 2007, American archaeologist Alice Storey and
colleagues identified chicken bones at the site of El Arenal (south of Sntiago
and Concepcion) on the Arauco Peninsula on Chile's coast. C14 dating place the
bones hundreds of years before the arrival the the first Europeans. </i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZBuk0SA8RFQTah_YcWEvvdORHMxi46Z3lgSRPlJlRLwgnAo8c0g5HeEodgGMiNzf8YidhKVKj5_Kn9vmjRZ590uWMvmGYw0uDKkIM-tBlGtM6HUHe571dQPIO_Yaou4W6c7CralgDbk8vWzImDqPPihp7Kdbk8EQi0hdqOR5QujlfC7zaQraetLfk=s1498" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="1498" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZBuk0SA8RFQTah_YcWEvvdORHMxi46Z3lgSRPlJlRLwgnAo8c0g5HeEodgGMiNzf8YidhKVKj5_Kn9vmjRZ590uWMvmGYw0uDKkIM-tBlGtM6HUHe571dQPIO_Yaou4W6c7CralgDbk8vWzImDqPPihp7Kdbk8EQi0hdqOR5QujlfC7zaQraetLfk=s320" width="320" /></a></i></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Peruvian chickens (these are roosters). Note the much higher and
skinner legs, with an upright stance—different than typical chickens</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
Europeans arriving in the Americas found a continent teeming with native
turkeys and ducks for the plucking and eating. Some archaeologists believe that
chickens were first introduced into Polyesia by people who reached the western
plains of South America. Others believe the opposite—that Polynesians
introduced chickens to South America. Still others believe that the Jaradites
brought the chickens with them and filled the land when Lehi arrived to a land abounding
with chickens in the semirural <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">location
that is sort-of country but that is not officially considered country—an</span>
out-of-town suburb near farm country is an example of a neighborhood that would
be described as semirural. It can be described as <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the landscape interface between town and country</span>, or also as the
rural free-ranging chickens were often found in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">periurban communities (between high populated urban and low populated rural
or </span>developing areas such as Peru, especially in homes of migrants from
rural areas</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In Mitochondrial DNA sequencing, 12
of the 37 ancient samples and identified markers identical to Polynesian and
Southeast Asian chickens. Could it be that Lehi picked up chickens in his
travels and brought chickens with them to Chile.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Comment: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Book of Mormon says that the city of Moróni was by the sea. There
also are the Arroyo de Mormon (Stream of Mormon) and the Rio Moróni, which has
its headwaters on the Guyana Plateau.</i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Response</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: First the
word “Aroyyo” does not mean river or stream. Also, the “River Moroni” is
actually referred to as an Arroyo, not a river—and there is a specific meaning
of “aroyyo.” The confusion arises out of the fact that the Maroni river flows
well in the winter months, but dries up in the summer months. The word “arroyo”
has a specific meaning in Spanish—it is a steep-sided gully formed by the
action of fast-flowing water in an arid or semi-arid region, found chiefly in
the southwestern U.S. An arroyo, also called a wash, is a dry creek, stream bed
or gulch that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain.
Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJi993GNRG_piLalQlD0dVtqrFOm8CdB5zxzaL3jVBrWCIaqHY-wQj2b2LHIKbvmkil65h23jjUgzZNDjoPYXQNttHkdHhjixwwf2Mu_FIK9NHSshZ--cczBzNilaNs57yWRZNJ1PzjfVhXUI4O6NEePh1grzozHynSw2sIHmU0tTXJwaI7hh_cRWh=s1324" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="1324" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJi993GNRG_piLalQlD0dVtqrFOm8CdB5zxzaL3jVBrWCIaqHY-wQj2b2LHIKbvmkil65h23jjUgzZNDjoPYXQNttHkdHhjixwwf2Mu_FIK9NHSshZ--cczBzNilaNs57yWRZNJ1PzjfVhXUI4O6NEePh1grzozHynSw2sIHmU0tTXJwaI7hh_cRWh=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Maroni River flowing along as a border between Suriname and Frenh
Guyana</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
“<i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Maroni” River (correct spelling)</span></i>
or “Marowijne,“ pronounced “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My-ro-bag-gen,” is the name the
river is known by and through which its grants of study have been conducted—it
is rarely referred to as the Maroni River other than when it is necessary to
separate the three or four waterways emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. It <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">is a Dutch name (Nederlands,
Netherlands), and forms the border between French Guyana (Guiana) and Suriname—it
is also known as the Lawa, which is formed by the confluence of the Litani and
Malani rivers. Downstream from its confluence with the Tapanahon, it is called
Maroni. </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-themecolor: text1;">The Maroni runs through the Guianan moist ecoregion. Pronounced “Nā-dross”
it originates in the Tumuk Humak Mountains and forms the (disputed) border
between France’s region of French Guiana and Suriname. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-themecolor: text1;">In its upper reaches</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">—</span></span>close to its source, it is known as the Litani. The total length of Litani, Lawa, and Maroni is 380 miles</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">—</span></span>with
the Latani as its source and the Lawa as its mouth and the Maroni in
between at about 90 miles in length (Jan Shipper et al., "Northern South
America: Guayana, Suriname French Guiana, northern Brazil and eastern
Venezuela," Vol.3, The Americas, Foundación Vida Silvestre, Argentina,
IUCN Publications Unit, Cambridge, UK).<br /></span></p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEixAz3c1iD4HqQ8Z7zIhZ8ZrpG6nF60rU7MRFROlaWvKyykfyIKgxVWp2IxfTMr02OhtiKRTvaHmG9ky8fWuChRA17L97lHbYv2hrQIGAEH8lq0m2Q_Ul9EfQWj5Xnwh9uJ3nB4leZZNaxkkdp-vD8f5OnwwUGZDmGf4Reh_sCuE69R8cQqHkSNk4cw=s1374" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1374" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEixAz3c1iD4HqQ8Z7zIhZ8ZrpG6nF60rU7MRFROlaWvKyykfyIKgxVWp2IxfTMr02OhtiKRTvaHmG9ky8fWuChRA17L97lHbYv2hrQIGAEH8lq0m2Q_Ul9EfQWj5Xnwh9uJ3nB4leZZNaxkkdp-vD8f5OnwwUGZDmGf4Reh_sCuE69R8cQqHkSNk4cw=s320" width="320" /></a></div></span></cite></span><cite></cite></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Maroni is
the most extensively covered arroyo in Suriname</span></cite></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></cite><cite></cite></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Though a secondary level
arroyo that is dry in the summer months, the Maroni flows significantly in the
winter months, and is the </span></cite><span style="font-family: Palatino;">most
extensively studied of all the flowing waters in Suriname. In the 16th century,
there were already ships exploring the estuary, captained by Lawrence Keymis,
Thomas Masham and Antonio de Berrio </span><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Walter Raleigh. Joyce Lorimer
(ed.). Sir Walter Ralegh's Discoverie of Guiana, Ashgate Publishing, Surrey,
England, Released by </span></cite><span class="workmeta-detail"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bedford/Saint
Martin's Press, 2007, p360).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In
the 18th century more extensive excursions took place, by Mentell, Patris, Le
Blond and Heneman and in the 19th century by Zegelaar, Jules Crevaux Coudreau,
Ten Kate, Joost and others. Of importance in the 20th century were the Gonini
and Tapanahony expeditions, and the Tumuk Humak and Southern Border
Expeditions. From these arose the research of the <i>Geologisch Mijnbouwkundige
Dienst</i> and the <i>Centraal Bureau voor Luchtkartering.</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It might be of interest to know that
the Minister of Labor, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Claudio Omar Moroni,
of Argentina is currently serving in that government position—the name Moroni
is not limited to rivers. Approximately 26,292 people around the world have
this as their surname, and is one of the most common surname in the world that
is most prevalent in Italy. It is very popular in the U.S. and certain states
in South America, including Brazil, Argentina and Chile.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">(See
the next post for more information regarding a reader’s critical evaluation of
our articles)</span></p><p> </p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-89616077254979853442022-01-02T06:00:00.004-08:002022-01-02T06:00:00.167-08:00Lehi’s Landing According to Nephi (not Williams) – Part II<p><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While
Nephi claims there was a huge forest near their landing site, there is no
forest per se above ground covering any area close to a landing site at Apalachicola,
Florida. Nor is there anything matching the scriptural record found at the
Great Lakes area.</span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Under the Köppen Climate
Classification Jerusalem has a (Csa), "<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dry-summer subtropical" climate</span> referred to as
"Mediterranean" Climate, with a zone averaging temperature above 50
°F in their warmest months, and an average in the coldest between 64 to 27 °F.
30º South Latitude, in central Chile, has a Mediterranean Climate. Coquimbo
Bay, Chile, where Lehi landed, has a warm and temperate climate—the rain falls
mostly in the winter, with relatively little rain in the summer. According to
Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Csc. The average annual temperature
is 59.5 °F. The annual rainfall is 13.2 inches. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgll26E3HYI2dINDEnY64A0gPELhMIBBt6dPRUgxtQ5nKdP54oMLTBk5oVTnNqVr9bPapCbXnetzBFQUz6THxtYXJfeLYWesjeurE6QE2u630N9K34gk_HXMNEORshCi4EA8SgJyMjD6V9uDSFTSnCYW6Dvr_K0d6wOPoDbP_34zGDNegfYOACVSRfc=s864" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="864" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgll26E3HYI2dINDEnY64A0gPELhMIBBt6dPRUgxtQ5nKdP54oMLTBk5oVTnNqVr9bPapCbXnetzBFQUz6THxtYXJfeLYWesjeurE6QE2u630N9K34gk_HXMNEORshCi4EA8SgJyMjD6V9uDSFTSnCYW6Dvr_K0d6wOPoDbP_34zGDNegfYOACVSRfc=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">One of the largest rainforests in the world is located next to La Serena,
Chile</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However,
in Chile, at Coquimbo and El Serena is one of the largest rain forests in the
world, called </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">the Fray Jorge National Park, which is a nationally
important remnant of a once more extensive <span class="hgkelc">Valdivian
Temperate Rain Forests or </span>cloud forest, with a <span class="hgkelc">tree
line at about 7,875 feet altitude in central Chile, descending to 3,280 feet in
the south of the Valdivian region.</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In entering the forest, it takes you
from semi-arid desert to dripping wet forest in a short space, due to the mist
rolling in from the Pacific. This water-loving hydrofillic forest and the very
nice abrupt change from the pre-forest to the actual park something not to be
missed. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is quite bizarre to come across a
large rainforest on the edge of a semi-arid desert! However, because it gets
moisture from the clouds, Fray Jorge park is a unique mix of biospheres,
abundance of wildlife and wild mist burning off the mountains—which is all very
unique in Chile. Like all national parks here, it is low key by North American standards—but
do not miss what makes this Park unique. As an example, there is a large green
patch of forestry in the top of a very dry hill that the mist that comes from
the sea every day is responsible for watering and creating this wonder. That is
the beauty of the place. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="fulltext"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Once you
reach the cloud forest you will see olive trees, cinnamon trees, and various
herbs. you will see some birds, and animals like foxes and the chinchilla rat, with
plenty of llama and alpaca with guanaco and vicuña in the distance, </span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">including
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tapirs</span>, marsh deer, white-tailed
deer, spectacled bear, the leopard and the jaguar.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The point is it is a huge forest
with wild beasts and ferile animals living within it as Nephi stated.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCWuTJy1jnPQdt2T9RibV4tSqktlIENkEKBfoaIkQw52_dtqqf__fOIMyDTdO1tH_b1u_sJi7IBkLvqWCQkJdPJdu5l-8-YNL-_UamRxnxpyf80xKYsIZ9Ed_NzAqFWfY9MDa1UB7aEvo9JadOS5Pb9OS8PevVG5Ui_YwW_7aRAzeZx1JIHKZeeeW-=s1138" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1138" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCWuTJy1jnPQdt2T9RibV4tSqktlIENkEKBfoaIkQw52_dtqqf__fOIMyDTdO1tH_b1u_sJi7IBkLvqWCQkJdPJdu5l-8-YNL-_UamRxnxpyf80xKYsIZ9Ed_NzAqFWfY9MDa1UB7aEvo9JadOS5Pb9OS8PevVG5Ui_YwW_7aRAzeZx1JIHKZeeeW-=s320" width="320" /></a></div><i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ultisols</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, commonly known as red clay soils, are one of twelve soil
orders in the United States Department of Agriculture soil taxonomy.While the
term is usually applied to the red clay soils of the Southern United States--</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">You can have all the best
plants and the best tools but it won’t mean a thing if you have clay-heavy soil
and don’t take steps to amend the soil before planting.</span></i><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: left;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• The soil of the Heartland is t<span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">he <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">red clay soils</i></span> of the southeastern United States, which are
examples of Ultisols (</span>leached red or reddish-yellow acid soil with a
clay-rich B horizon (subsoil), occurring in warm, humid climates<span class="hgkelc">), which is the dominant soil of much of the southeastern United
States and occupies about 9.2% of the total U.S. land area. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• The Great Lakes soil is grouped as
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">upland loams, plains sands, sandy loams
and sands. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• The soil
of Guatemala (Land Southward in the Mesoamerican Land of Promise) </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sandy
loam texture, acidic pH, low available phosphorus (P) reflecting high phosphate
sorption coefficient, low exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and
high exchangeable potassium (K).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• On the other hand, Jerusalem has </span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a
series consisting of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">very deep, well
drained soils with moderately slow permeability that formed in colluvium from granitic
rocks</span>.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9lS4xpfbAGndV0lR6_YdsX9FrtL36QeXBG-0WKHZrxE82Oct9l8xtq0y5ekROXWTPYdANmgKdNv4cj280L-LBftr6rVjDMS3LRkjTkfwntb0B7x06Drzu2ksN1wWhBaG7UicTvErQ7hzw8r895tXHW3cy7d8yg8wWaqrqNGuCxETaywdOm06kLDGG=s1288" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="1288" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9lS4xpfbAGndV0lR6_YdsX9FrtL36QeXBG-0WKHZrxE82Oct9l8xtq0y5ekROXWTPYdANmgKdNv4cj280L-LBftr6rVjDMS3LRkjTkfwntb0B7x06Drzu2ksN1wWhBaG7UicTvErQ7hzw8r895tXHW3cy7d8yg8wWaqrqNGuCxETaywdOm06kLDGG=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A reddish-brown residual soil found as a mantle over
limestone bedrock, typically in the karst areas around the Adriatic Sea, under
conditions of Mediterranean-type climate. Also spelled: terra rosa. Etymol:
Italian, red earth.</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• In the
transverse valleys of north-central Chile, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">fertile alluvial soils</span> have developed on fluvial deposits, while
between the rivers soils are dry and infertile. Within the Central Valley the
alluvial soils have developed over fluviovolcanic deposits, which is the reason
for their mineral and organic richness. The <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">alluvial</span> (<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">clay, silt,
sand, gravel, or similar detrital material deposited by running wate</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">r)<span class="hgkelc"> deposits from the numerous Andean rivers in central Chile have
provided mineral-rich soils that support the flourishing Mediterranean-type
agriculture of the Central Valley of the intermediate depression.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">As
for the food products each area specialized in producing;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• The main food products produced in Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
are maize, sugarcane, banana and coffee; </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• In the Heartland it is: corn, sorghum, barley, and oats. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• In the Great Lakes: <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">corn, soybeans, wheat, animal fodder; </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• In
Jerusalem: </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">wheat and barley, of vines, figs, and pomegranates, a land
of olives and honey;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• In Chile: Corn, Quinoa, Kiwichi, wheat
and barley, figs, and pomegranates, olives and honey.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Even in the simple matters of the scriptural
record, the matches are maintained—the Heartland, Great lakes and Mesoamerica
simply do not match Mormon, Nephi, Jacob or Moroni’s descriptions. And no
amount of changes, alterations, fudging or re-defining statements are going to
change that!</span></p><p> </p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-63443261830159650822021-12-31T06:00:00.031-08:002021-12-31T06:00:00.169-08:00Lehi’s Landing According to Nephi (not Williams) – Part I<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Despite what is written on the back
of Frederick G. Williams paper regarding Lehi landing at 30º south Latitude in
Chile—and the controversy surrounding that statement—Lehi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">landed somewhere</i> and wherever that was, it had to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">consistent</i> with what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nephi wrote about their landing</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Theorists cannot simply pick out a
place because they like it, or it meets some other criteria—it has to meet what
Nephi wrote—for he is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the only one</i>
who wrote about their specific landing site.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And what did he say regarding their
landing?</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">And it came to pass that after we had sailed for
the space of many days we did arrive at the promised land; and we went forth
upon the land, and did pitch our tents; and we did call it the promised land…and
we did begin to till the earth, and we began to plant seeds; yea, we did put
all our seeds into the earth, which we had brought from the land of Jerusalem.
And it came to pass that they did grow exceedingly; wherefore, we were blessed
in abundance…and we did find upon the land of promise, as we journeyed in the
wilderness, that there were beasts in the forests of every kind, both the cow
and the ox, and the ass and the horse, and the goat and the wild goat, and all
manner of wild animals, which were for the use of men. And we did find all
manner of ore, both of gold, and of silver, and of copper” (1 Nephi 18:23-25).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">So they:</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">1.
Went forth upon the land;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">2.
Pitched their tents;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">3.
Called it the Land of Promise;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">4.
Tilled the earth;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">5. Planted all their seed brought from Jerusalem—which
produced an abundance crop that grew exceedingly;</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuN1CSiYDEEVPd0ZmD-eYaqw0pTtokToFmQfIyuH6XVbLHfePboWI5SBjjBAY4JaR7PDWEydKlvwdfrSDGazGqTOR_hqVuQhN_Mw6LJw8z07a7aKpxpCsRxpU5ukSy1Ae6KBvkQg_MMswKGzA2sFmS--IkJW9XEmuE_t3GL4T6sono6DKKHvLhSzqi=s1168" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1168" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuN1CSiYDEEVPd0ZmD-eYaqw0pTtokToFmQfIyuH6XVbLHfePboWI5SBjjBAY4JaR7PDWEydKlvwdfrSDGazGqTOR_hqVuQhN_Mw6LJw8z07a7aKpxpCsRxpU5ukSy1Ae6KBvkQg_MMswKGzA2sFmS--IkJW9XEmuE_t3GL4T6sono6DKKHvLhSzqi=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nephi
and the others journeyed in the land and saw forest, precious metals, and
animals</i></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">6. There
was </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">a nearby forest that was large
enough to house both wild beasts and previously domesticated (feral) animals;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">7. </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And they
found all manner of ore, both of gold, and of silver, and of copper, without
digging for it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Why
there is a controversy over Frederick G. Williams note is surprising since
Nephi’s statements are the only ones that matter. He tells us quite plainly
what was found where they landed, and his statements are precisely clear and
inarguable! Nephi found tillable (</span><i><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">apable of being tilled; arable; fit for the plow</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">) ground in which they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">put all their seeds brought from Jerusalem</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Now,
tillable ground is that which is ready for the plow—but plowing must follow the
tilling, or loosening of the earth for the plow. Whether or not Nephi plowed is
unknown, but he did till the ground, that is scratched and turned it over lightly,
sufficient with a rake-type instrument to insert and cover seeds.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">As
has been stated here many times, the climate of the land where they landed must
have been the same as the climate of the land from which the seeds grew—i.e.,
Jerusalem, a Mediterranean Climate. And there are only two such climates in the
entire Western Hemisphere—California and 30º south Latitude Chile.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The
fact that Frederick G. Williams is noted as being this same place is
supportive, not conclusive—However, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nephi’s
statement is conclusive! <br /></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6W3G250P4psPxGuyvpJktfWV_1ZV_tnm5WTscV8slA9qAdpqVr72A_oT_ywoPu8nWI_4WOwpfvgUAVAI6uP7B7r2dzu-Bxqhb3f6jVeW1_LlSZEE-yIaVKgCme7qOfz8k7w6_Tc1w2v-J8KrC706MCZPQP-ls2fcVRKJxcnHCDxyvONSRn73ccue8=s1016" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="1016" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6W3G250P4psPxGuyvpJktfWV_1ZV_tnm5WTscV8slA9qAdpqVr72A_oT_ywoPu8nWI_4WOwpfvgUAVAI6uP7B7r2dzu-Bxqhb3f6jVeW1_LlSZEE-yIaVKgCme7qOfz8k7w6_Tc1w2v-J8KrC706MCZPQP-ls2fcVRKJxcnHCDxyvONSRn73ccue8=w320-h213" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span><p></p><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: medium; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to discredit Williams’ (far
left) statement, Mesoamerican and Heartland theorists have gone to great
lengths to discount what Williams wrote on the piece of paper including
his<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>son, BYU professor Grederick G.
Williams, Jr., (left)—however, discounting Williams remark is not the issue and
never was. The issue has always been <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nephi’s
statement in the scriptural record</i>—and that cannot be discounted.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whether an angel, as Williams
claimed, came in and sat down next to him during the dedication of the Kirtland
Temple is also not the issue—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the issue is
what Nephi wrote and described</i>. Everything else is either supportive or rejective.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mesoamerican theorists claim that characters
and the statement on the back of the Williams paper written by Ezra G.
Williams, Frederick’s son, which reads: “G. S. L. City, April 11, 1864. This
paper is in the hand writing of my father, Fred G. Williams. The characters
thereon I believe to be a representation of those shown to him at the dedication
of the Kirtland Temple,” discloses several important facts such as: (1) While
Ezra knows that the page is in his father’s handwriting, (2) he only believes
the characters had something to do with the dedication of the Kirtland Temple.
(3) Nothing ties Ezra’s statement on the back to any of the four items on the
front (indeed, it makes no sense to link Doctrine and Covenants 7 from 1829 to
the dedication of the Kirtland Temple in 1836). Furthermore, Ezra does not
attribute the statement about Lehi’s travels (4) to Joseph or (5) to
revelation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No matter the difference of opinion
in the value of William’ statement on the paper, it does not matter what
specific importance one attributes to the Williams note—it is not Williams
views that matter here, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">but those
expressed by Nephi </i>in the scriptural record!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Forget all the heated rhetoric about
Williams’ note, his remarks on the paper, and where he thought Lehi landed. Once
again, the only thing that really matters, as in all such cases, is what is
said about the matter in the Book of Mormon. And Nephi is very clear—he said upon
landing that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they:</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">1. Went forth upon the land;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">2. Pitched their tents (to provide shelter);</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">3. Called it the Land of Promise, which the Lord provided
for them;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">4. Tilled the earth to plant food for the coming
season when their provisions, hunting and fishing ran out;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">5. Planted all their seed brought from Jerusalem—a
Mediterranean Climate in a like Mediterranean Climate of south central Chile, which
produced an abundance crop that grew exceedingly;</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">6. There was a nearby forest that was large enough
to house both wild beasts and previously domesticated (feral) animals,providing
both food and domestic help (ie., moving things about, carrying items; logging,
and other transportation;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">7.
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And
they found all manner of ore, both of gold, and of silver, and of copper,
without digging for it, and began to produce metallurgy, which at least Nephi,
was capable of doing (1 Nephi 17:9).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEfpMxHjNszmM1BtNPqYaKAc3kMNMOhfflANcEyOrC3bQtW5LY2siP0JTKR2kroZ58DugnroNRW5pVfTQFxfGVv17FicI7r4SzZIu1LHxjBa1dB-TyNYq4hh5S9sYL-_uNzezdMxKQ6HNMwgcGQUJZYJz5OF9ldel6zr5pmfMZNEBjVilPwqj9LAFc=s1346" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="908" data-original-width="1346" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEfpMxHjNszmM1BtNPqYaKAc3kMNMOhfflANcEyOrC3bQtW5LY2siP0JTKR2kroZ58DugnroNRW5pVfTQFxfGVv17FicI7r4SzZIu1LHxjBa1dB-TyNYq4hh5S9sYL-_uNzezdMxKQ6HNMwgcGQUJZYJz5OF9ldel6zr5pmfMZNEBjVilPwqj9LAFc=w400-h270" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Map of Heartland Laneding—no forests,no precious metals, no wild beasts</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now in looking at the Heartland
model, there was no extensive forest where Lehi landed—<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Apalachicola has a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">humid subtropical</span> (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild winters and hot,
humid summers. In addition, </span><span class="hgkelc">Wakulla Springs, a 350 foot
deep spring sytem, is located in a region known as the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Woodville Karst Plain—and area that runs from Tallahassee, Florida, to
the Gulf of Mexico, separated by the Cody Scarp—</span>because the area
contains numerous springs, sinkholes and a submerged limestone cave systems
formed by the dissolving of limestone over thousands of years and consisting of
a dendritic network of conduits of which 12 miles have been surveyed and mapped.</span></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-19214320420200904482021-12-30T06:00:00.028-08:002021-12-30T11:07:01.087-08:00Only in the United States? Erroneous List of Heartland Matches – Part VI – DNA Pt2<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">According to
his own advertising,<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rod Meldrum “effectively and powerfully”
addresses, and provides supporting evidence that answers both of these
fundamental questions: 1) data found on a genome related to present-day western
Eurasian populations; and 2) modern Native Americans, not from East
Asia—historically a puzzling finding.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHd2O3wbfZpbKE0B0ZYFQjvUsrJnLowZC5admhc6rjM5kVyspGrbk9sGubwHHXL7RlSuKz9-0A_MijGrRocKh3hKIe3SA0TVwG9cMILL4xrwOw5EPor3QQ9UPQ1-yVFyqOVwslIdG9gubqXAgO0Is1vjrre_hEEdlYb5138PVE6x0lOvgETMrzDQYM=s780" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="656" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHd2O3wbfZpbKE0B0ZYFQjvUsrJnLowZC5admhc6rjM5kVyspGrbk9sGubwHHXL7RlSuKz9-0A_MijGrRocKh3hKIe3SA0TVwG9cMILL4xrwOw5EPor3QQ9UPQ1-yVFyqOVwslIdG9gubqXAgO0Is1vjrre_hEEdlYb5138PVE6x0lOvgETMrzDQYM=w168-h200" width="168" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In his article, Meldrum claims, ancient
DNA researcher Eske Willerslev (left), the director of the Center for
GeoGenetics at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, who uses ancient DNA to
reconstruct the past 50,000 years of human history, has come up with
information that has enriched our understanding of prehistory, shedding light
on human development with evidence that can’t be found in pottery shards or
studies of living cultures. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Willerslev claims that his [DNA] study
changes previous ideas because it shows that a significant minority of Native
American ancestry actually derives not from East Asia but from a people related
to present-day western Eurasians.” In his report, Willerslev also states: “It’s
approximately one-third of the genome, and that is a lot—so in that regard I
think it’s changing quite a bit of the history.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Willerslev led the first successful
sequencing of an ancient human genome, that of a 4,000-year-old Greenlander.
His research on a 24,000-year-old Siberian skeleton revealed an unexpected
connection between Europeans and Native Americans</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meldrum adds: “In addition, it goes
back to the very foundations of the geographical theories to bring to light the
knowledge that Joseph Smith had on the subject as well as an in-depth study of
the internal geographic indications from <i>The Book of Mormon</i> itself.
All of this information has now, for the first time, been combined to produce a
clear geographical picture that is exciting because of its solid foundation of
evidence that supports the validity and truthfulness of this literal ancient
record. You are invited to explore the information from this
article for yourself and ask the source of all truth of its validity.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meldrum than asks “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Could Genetics help us discover the geography
of the Book of Mormon? </span>What if we found ‘European’ style DNA in the
America’s, just not where we thought it would be? Could it lead to a new geographical
paradigm that also fits the prophecies found in the Book of Mormon itself as
well as validates the prophetic statements of Joseph Smith on the matter at the
same time?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgj5QbgKu84hOz0htZ_v-eZz7ZChU5r_PqxF1y2_WUCvXjpahb8FbA-vzdkeZLq_7xsy87rBW28FOxzwSldckknE76bRG3xGSzKZd9_rXiOfAw6k7gsIkJj86Gw_eBxlDOA96ruZeM-FpNq8ogXCtWKjw3l1fLtb1b21_NxjxrL-vkrZ85HMymCEu3K=s1010" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="928" data-original-width="1010" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgj5QbgKu84hOz0htZ_v-eZz7ZChU5r_PqxF1y2_WUCvXjpahb8FbA-vzdkeZLq_7xsy87rBW28FOxzwSldckknE76bRG3xGSzKZd9_rXiOfAw6k7gsIkJj86Gw_eBxlDOA96ruZeM-FpNq8ogXCtWKjw3l1fLtb1b21_NxjxrL-vkrZ85HMymCEu3K=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Possible”Book of Mormon” DNA Markers</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">According to Meldrum,
“the blending of Mulekite/Nephite/Lamanite peoples are shown throughout the
Plates of Mormon. The finding of DNA markers in both Jewish and Egyptian
cultures within Native Americans has been demonstrated and parallels what would
be expected within the text of the Book of Mormon. Also, the Mulekites and
Lamanites may have mixed indigenous people, thereby diluting the founding DNA
markets. However, among the Algonquian peoples (haplogroupX) comprised up to
25% of mtDNA types (the Peopling of the Amerias, Genetic Ancncestry influences
heathth, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phys.Org</i>, 14 August 2009).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meldrum
goes on to say: “</span><i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The answer is an emphatic, Yes! </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genetics
could help us discover the true geography of the Book of Mormon, if we follow
the evidence, rather than theoretical assumptions.” These articles above do
just that, Meldrum claims—following the scientific evidence that leads to some
conclusions about the geography of the Book of Mormon that finally makes sense
and is consistent with the Book of Mormon itself and the Prophet Joseph Smith.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meldrum concludes his remarks, saying:
“The article, <i>Rediscovering the Book of Mormon Remnant through DNA</i> is
taken from peer reviewed scientific journals consistent with scientific
research. Other forms of validation are brought to bear on the subject based on
a firm belief in the truthfulness and validity of the gospel, the scriptures,
revealed truths through living prophets, and Biblical history. Scientific
methodology was used throughout the project in creating a ‘Hierarchy of
Evidence’ for determination of which evidence ‘trumps’ other evidence based on
a scale.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sound scientific reasoning and
an understanding of the scriptural basis for beginning a learning process are
addressed. This information, while potentially very interesting to non-LDS
people is specifically geared to address the LDS communities unique
understanding of the need for truth as defined by Joseph Smith through modern
day revelation. This places this information firmly in the pro-LDS camp, as an
underlying assumption going into this research is that the Church and its
gospel are true. All scientists bring their presuppositions with them into
their study, and this is no different. For disclosure sake, it is important to
make this very clear.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now with all of this ammunition Meldrum
brings to bear, one might be tempted to accept his remarks as a “proof” of Book
of Mormon DNA—he certainly presents it in that fashion. However, we need to
understanding what the official position of the Church is before making up our
minds about Meldrum’s information.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Church
Response:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
covering the DNA question and the Book of Mormon, the Church states: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The
explanations fall into one of three primary categories.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdzESgk6VWJ2i8ZX4wNswCPKDVgWJNIO0-aZolza6xOd3KI7CCtrov50PNmENWRcJ0LkBeB6oIy7khaUJfwN2DoA4lzej0PWoQ5_WFThkkyUuL3vTE2u60r446ez8wvdMCmffwOxW72xakItxjAnnv3qxJeLTGsqdtibmL8b_hMg-vD3vETucs-ALa=s1200" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="1200" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdzESgk6VWJ2i8ZX4wNswCPKDVgWJNIO0-aZolza6xOd3KI7CCtrov50PNmENWRcJ0LkBeB6oIy7khaUJfwN2DoA4lzej0PWoQ5_WFThkkyUuL3vTE2u60r446ez8wvdMCmffwOxW72xakItxjAnnv3qxJeLTGsqdtibmL8b_hMg-vD3vETucs-ALa=s320" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What was the DNA of Lehi’s family and
party that landed in the Land of Promise?</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
We don’t have DNA samples from any of Lehi’s party, so we don’t even know what
types of DNA we are looking to find;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Lehi’s group was small and as they (later) intermingled with the existing Asian
populations, their DNA was diluted to the point that it is no longer traceable;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
It is possible that a ‘genetic bottleneck’ occurred that extinguished the DNA
markers found in the original Book of Mormon peoples.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These
explanations are used to excuse the lack of DNA evidence in Central or
Mesoamerica, in order to defend these geographical theories. This has lead LDS
apologetic groups to claim that DNA research and findings cannot be used either
to falsify the claims of the Book of Mormon, nor to provide evidence in it’s
support. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As
a classic example of this argument read the Deseret News/Mormon Times
article by Roger l. Hardy (Dec 11, 2008, 1:01am MST) and also Daniel Petersen,
a BYU Professor and a very vocal LDS apologist who is also a strong advocate of
the Mesoamerican hypothesis. He mentions all three while promoting a new
book on DNA which is actually mostly a collection of previously published
articles, some of which are quite old in terms of the current DNA research
field they are addressing. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While
each of these explanations have merit and are justifiably employed in defence
of the Book of Mormon’s claims, there is another aspect that must be addressed.
No less than <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">seven times in the
scriptures there are specific claims that in the latter days, there would
remain on the Promised Land a “remnant” of the “House of Israel” or
Lehi’s posterity which came through the lineage of Joseph of Egypt and his
son Manasseh.<b> </b></span> Some LDS apologists have claimed
that they ‘don’t expect to find” any DNA evidence in favor of the Book of
Mormon. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why would any member of the church not expect to
find evidence of the Book of Mormon’s claim that there will be a ‘remnant seed’
still in existence in the latter days? </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
How can there be a ‘remnant’ if there is no actual genetic (DNA) connection to
this lineage? This is the reason that I did not feel comfortable with the
answers being provided by the LDS apologetic community, which created
the desire for me to begin this research in 2003 and continue it today in
2019. Since the Book of Mormon is true (as previously admitted to as my
bias) it stands to reason that it’s claims that Lehi’s seed would not
be utterly destroyed must indicate that their genetics would still be found in
order to fulfill the promises made by the Lord. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If there is no genetic remnant, how can there be a
differentiation between those who are actual descendants, and those who are
Gentiles who are ‘grafted into’ the House of Israel?</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Why then would the Lord
make that distinction?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additional
questions:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
Native Americans may have a more complicated heritage than previously believed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Photograph by Roland W. Reed, National Geographic</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Western Eurasia covers
most of Europe and is the westernmost section of the Palearctic realm with
5 major subrealms -- Greater European Forests, European Mountain Forests, Black
Sea Forests & Steppe, the Mediterranean, and the British Isles -- and 13
bioregions in total as defined in the Bioregions 2020 framework</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtg6BWu85hWR0kKRPkFEZRHekttxIPu9uosx2nPkOpKl0E80_0f8pkrKPDk236tn_h0IOI0a3kRxnCBsm_qRO8M6OxrMfFZF96zOysW_PBrbadwv-dzJFwus-lmnwDzNtLJ2vpmoiQw6spbyCPl9S8WlDsTOumB9t49QimjqvGO6xOoqnJZ42A8jH9=s1348" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1348" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtg6BWu85hWR0kKRPkFEZRHekttxIPu9uosx2nPkOpKl0E80_0f8pkrKPDk236tn_h0IOI0a3kRxnCBsm_qRO8M6OxrMfFZF96zOysW_PBrbadwv-dzJFwus-lmnwDzNtLJ2vpmoiQw6spbyCPl9S8WlDsTOumB9t49QimjqvGO6xOoqnJZ42A8jH9=s320" width="320" /></a></div><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The West Eurasian markers</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">"Great
Surprise"—Native Americans Have West Eurasian Origins</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">4. </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oldest
human genome reveals less of an East Asian ancestry than thought.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By
Brian Handwerk National Geography Published November 22, 2013</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When the Winter Olympic games were held
in Salt Lake City in 2002, President Gordon B. Hinckley was asked by a reporter
if he had a comment about the lack of DNA evidence for the Book of Mormon. He
simply responded that all the information wasn’t in yet. Eleven years later, in
2013, National Geographic Magazine published an article titled: “Great
Surprise”—Native Americans Have West Eurasian Origins.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Clearly,
the article appears to be an “official” rebuttal to the Heartlanders’ teachings
about DNA and the Book of Mormon. When the Church “speaks out” as in such
cases, members naturally should pay attention, read between the lines, and
order their lives so they will not be in conflict with an official stance of
the Church.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
response to such publications, the Church recently placed on its website, </span><a href="http://www.lds.org"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">www.lds.org</span></i></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">an article that “officially” lays out
the stance of the Church toward DNA evidence for Book of Mormon purposes. The
conclusion of the article states the following: “Much as critics and defenders
of the Book of Mormon would like to use DNA studies to support their views, the
evidence is simply inconclusive. Nothing is known about the DNA of Book of
Mormon peoples. Even if such information were known, processes such as
population bottleneck, genetic drift, and post–Columbian immigration from West Eurasia
make it unlikely that their DNA could be detected today.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Another
case of a theorsit getting ahead of the doctrines of the Church and in so doing
dragging members along with them in their enthusiasm to prove the Book of
Mormon on limited or even inaccurate information. DNA is not all in—there is
much left to be discovered and understood—it is subject left to the scientists
to compile <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all of the data</i> before
taking a stand. </span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-1417276331617798422021-12-29T06:00:00.028-08:002021-12-29T06:00:00.188-08:00Only in the United States? Erroneous List of Heartland Matches – Part V - DNA<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since
around 2008, Heartlanders have attempted to use DNA evidence to prove their
geography of the Book of Mormon—tht is, that all New World events of the Book
of Mormon took place in the continental United States from the Great Lakes on
the North to the Gulf of Mexico on the south. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rod
L. Meldrum, one of the leaders of the Hearthand theory has written several
DNA-related publications in support of their model, (including his book, <i>Rediscovering
the Book of Mormon Remnant through DNA</i>, Digital Legend, Mendon, NY, 2009).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Under
an article entitled “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Why is finding
“Lamanite” DNA in the America’s Important?” Meldrum lists the so-called
millions of mounds he considers to be in the Eastern United States, which by </span>extrapolation
would have reqired, he claimed, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">millions
of people to build. He answers his own question in another book </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">titled <i>The
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks. </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This answer is:<i> “</i></span>The most
common question that is asked about mounds is, “How many exist?” In the 1800’s
the Smithsonian sponsored many expeditions to identify mound sites across
America. A map was produced by Cyrus Thomas in 1894 in a Bureau of Ethnology
book. They found approximately 100,000 mound sites, many with complexes
containing 2 to 100 mounds. The figure of 100,000 mounds once existing—based on
Cyrus Thomas map revealing 100,000 sites—is often cited by others, but that
estimate is far, far too low. </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After visiting several thousand mounds
and reviewing the literature, Meldrum claims that he is fairly certain that over 1,000,000 mounds
once existed and that perhaps 100,000 still exist. Oddly, some new mound sites
are discovered each year by archaeological surveys in remote areas. But in
truth, a large majority of America’s mounds have been completely destroyed by
farming, construction, looting, and deliberate total excavations” (<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Gregory L. Little, Ed.D., “The Illustrated
Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks<i>,” Eagle Wing Books,
Inc., </i>Memphis, TN, 2009).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqeL41INEyJVtUyn0bMU0aRk3Js3TBANsa1o5MIes3g-uWf1GmAbrpinCMnUq9S_qxotzhGL9Lf2kFuu1106LqLv-hE2xm0Vws3tFBPSoSVmHJ7lTBr686oNcAsn6aMb8q8Bo5p8zoqKkSiJQPB-THh0yEiLuM4BMjeFjiKKY5OpRW2vnU_PTHsz_X=s1690" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="998" data-original-width="1690" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqeL41INEyJVtUyn0bMU0aRk3Js3TBANsa1o5MIes3g-uWf1GmAbrpinCMnUq9S_qxotzhGL9Lf2kFuu1106LqLv-hE2xm0Vws3tFBPSoSVmHJ7lTBr686oNcAsn6aMb8q8Bo5p8zoqKkSiJQPB-THh0yEiLuM4BMjeFjiKKY5OpRW2vnU_PTHsz_X=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><i>Newark
Earthworks in Newark, New Jersey</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some of these great mounds were larger than
any pyramids in Egypt. For example, “the Newark Earthworks in Newark and Heath,
Ohio, consist of three sections of preserved earthworks—however, despite
Meldrum’s fanciful wordage, these mounds while covering a great footprint on
the ground, rival the pyramids in no other way. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Monumental Newark Earth Works that originally
covered 4½ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>square miles and 7 million
cubic feet of earth; however, its height never exceeded eye-level and falls far
short of the magnificent </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Great Pyramid of Giza
(also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the oldest and largest of the pyramids in</span>
the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As
usual, Meldrum gets a little beyohd reality as he explains his theory. Neither
the </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Great
Circle Earthworks, the Octagon Earthworks, and the Wright Earthworks come close
to rivaling the Great Pyramids of Egypt, though covering more ground.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This complex, claimed to have been built
by the Hopewell culture between 100 and 500 AD contains the largest earthen
enclosures in the world, and was about 3,000 acres in total extent. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhr0dG52V8QK01_mWF1ZZRqTRDfbvpWHTXZk7VHEGhRWWG3ZlBFEyJJ8GAX_r4Ai09rtb591KZ0e5GO3JHEbALVyoGjUzfR01tP2iHzEByDAxTaCXLe38lfMcBF9PBW_KpoAGid4h6ZE2pEOt-msrZYfX5mN_rZklwDfGVe1Yhf3eVogXOfAroCCdNK=s1508" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="934" data-original-width="1508" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhr0dG52V8QK01_mWF1ZZRqTRDfbvpWHTXZk7VHEGhRWWG3ZlBFEyJJ8GAX_r4Ai09rtb591KZ0e5GO3JHEbALVyoGjUzfR01tP2iHzEByDAxTaCXLe38lfMcBF9PBW_KpoAGid4h6ZE2pEOt-msrZYfX5mN_rZklwDfGVe1Yhf3eVogXOfAroCCdNK=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Great Circle Mound</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Less than 10 percent of the total site
has been preserved since European-American settlement; this area contains a
total of 206 acres (83 ha). It is operated as a state park by the Ohio History
Connection. A designated National Historic Landmark, in 2006 the Newark
Earthworks was also designated as the “official prehistoric monument of the
State of Ohio.” </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As for the DNA, Meldrum points out that
the three primary races of the earth, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Asian</i>
(Oriental), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">African</i>
(Negroid) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">European</i>
(Caucasian) are quite easily distinguished from each other through
specific DNA markers or ‘signatures’ that delineate their ancestry. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Meldrum
writes that the<i> Book of Mormon </i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">states that the descendants of Lehi,
(including his wife Sariah, Ishmael and his wife, and Zoram) lived and
multiplied to a great extent somewhere in the America’s. Since he claims
it is quite highly probable that Sariah, Ishmael, and Zoram were also of the
same genetic stock (not Asian or African), their genetic signatures today would
most certainly be classified by present day geneticists as ‘European’ rather
than Asian or African. According to Meldrum, we do not know the exact makeup of
Lehi’s DNA, but that does not preclude us from being able to make a direct
connection to his ‘European/ Caucasian” heritage.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbEAR7E1AzUHUbv7N58WvatbMRUhr2QksQCQGuCTASJj412MQx7tfymz3lWxm2qxtOC05weVO2hULWI77vbqgQruQ5idxVL9SoXPZESUNZNDyCW-sMJuLVDsrzcOsXz5gO8V_lo66FGkIeZieOZezF1cLwQFWNlDUcfyokUM3aDaXr3pafA591uC-x=s1574" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1574" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbEAR7E1AzUHUbv7N58WvatbMRUhr2QksQCQGuCTASJj412MQx7tfymz3lWxm2qxtOC05weVO2hULWI77vbqgQruQ5idxVL9SoXPZESUNZNDyCW-sMJuLVDsrzcOsXz5gO8V_lo66FGkIeZieOZezF1cLwQFWNlDUcfyokUM3aDaXr3pafA591uC-x=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The density of three Haplogroup X</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According to Meldrum, preliminary DNA
studies, performed on thousands of individual Native Americans from the Aleuts
in Alaska, through North, Central, and South America, were completed.
They were tested, studied and classified into one of 4 primary genetic groups
called haplogroups. These four founding groups, designated Haplogroups A, B, C
and D are all Asian-based groups found in modern populations of Siberia and
Asia today, which supports, Meldrum claims, the dominant theory of the peopling
of the New World (the America’s) by an overland migration across the Bering
Strait during an ice age epoch. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Initial studies, he states, indicated
that there were no European type genetic DNA markers, which would lead to the
conclusion that no migration or population expansion of an ‘Israelite’ group
occurred anywhere in the America’s as is indicated by the Book of Mormon. This
led to some LDS scientists viewing this as the ‘final straw’ for their belief
and some were subsequently excommunicated from the church after writing books
contrary to the teachings and doctrine of the gospel, but based on these
initial scientific findings.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A small ‘Christian ministry’
capitalized on this small group of LDS scholars and scientists who left or were
excommunicated from the church and documented their feelings and findings,
producing a very powerful anti-Mormon video documentary, selling tens of
thousands of copies since its introduction in early 2003. The revenue produced
by this documentary has funded other ‘anti-Mormon’ videos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Is there a Problem
with those who say there is no DNA Evidence?</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The problem is
twofold. The anti-Mormon documentary producers were premature in their
conclusions regarding DNA studies in the America’s as the research was not yet
complete at the time of the release of their video. The second
problem is that in order for DNA to be found relating to <i>Book of
Mormon</i> people, we must be sure that we are looking for it in the
correct location. What chance is there of finding supportive DNA or
any other physical evidence for the truth of <i>The Book of Mormon</i> if
we are looking for it in the wrong place?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The article presents data on a genome
found that is related to present-day western Eurasian populations and modern
Native Americans, not from East Asia—historically a puzzling finding.<b>)</b> In
the article, Meldrum claims, ancient DNA researcher Eske Willerslev, of the
University of Copenhagen, Denmark. stated: “This [DNA] study changes this idea because
it shows that a significant minority of Native American ancestry actually
derives not from East Asia but from a people related to present-day western
Eurasians.” Willerslev also said: “It’s approximately one-third of the genome,
and that is a lot,” he added. “So in that regard I think it’s changing quite a
bit of the history” – Published November 22, 2013.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for a continuation
of Meldrum’s DNA claims and the Church's official response to DNA)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-89284051414642907682021-12-28T06:00:00.027-08:002021-12-28T06:00:00.250-08:00Only in the United States? Erroneous List of Heartland Matches – Part III<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Continuing
from te last post, we find that another Heartland theorist, Jonathan Neville, who
claims there was but one hill Cumorah, cites Oliver Cowdery’s Letter VII to
W.W. Phelps for publication, containing the standard understanding to the Church
regarding the final Nephite-Lamanite battle. This is another example of using a
General Authority belief or opinions and claiming it is doctrinal because it
had the possible backing of Joseph Smith—however, it has been said: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We should be careful not to claim for
Joseph Smith perfections he did not claim for himself. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">He
need not have been superhuman to be the instrument in God’s hands that we know
him to be. In May 1844 Joseph declared, “I never told you I was perfect, but
there is no error in the revelations which I have taught.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Joseph
was a mortal man striving to fulfill an overwhelming divinely appointed mission
against all odds. The wonder is not that he ever displayed human failings, but
that he succeeded in his mission. His fruits are both undeniable and
incomparable (G. Todd Christofferson, “The Prophet Joseph Smith,” devotional,
BYU Idaho, 24 September 2013, 14:15-15:30). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijE-_LybsTw7GFtDKkL6O7bbcnRUlkk2RyucP_IcjFNoicXT4IWApUdk9isKt2PEm_3vcdTwz42Vlx1j48GmqFzWpjNNOfwXWaE4Ll459hdqIo6rQJi56vSrHw8owCni4CAShGNJEY6eLxvvPByXhgfwTRXu5onLLt7P5BRXszfJ70Xu0TWJ98TzqC=s1658" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1012" data-original-width="1658" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijE-_LybsTw7GFtDKkL6O7bbcnRUlkk2RyucP_IcjFNoicXT4IWApUdk9isKt2PEm_3vcdTwz42Vlx1j48GmqFzWpjNNOfwXWaE4Ll459hdqIo6rQJi56vSrHw8owCni4CAShGNJEY6eLxvvPByXhgfwTRXu5onLLt7P5BRXszfJ70Xu0TWJ98TzqC=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imperfect men have always run the
Church, and imperfect men are subject to being inaccurate when the speak for
themselves and not for God</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To
be perfectly frank, there have been times when members or leaders in the Church
have simply made mistakes. There may have been things said or done that were
not in harmony with our values, principles, or doctrine. I suppose the Church
would be perfect only if it were run by perfect beings. God is perfect, and His
doctrine is pure. But He works through us—His imperfect children—and imperfect
people make mistakes. In the title page of the Book of Mormon we read, “And
now, if there are faults they are the mistakes of men; wherefore, condemn not
the things of God, that ye may be found spotless at the judgment-seat of
Christ.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This
is the way it has always been and will be until the perfect day when Christ
Himself reigns personally upon the earth. It is unfortunate that some have
stumbled because of mistakes made by men (Dieter F. Uchdorf, “Come Join With
Us,” General Conference, October 2013).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNuQfQl5RT0jn4HE2TegG4tBhBfhe-tZJ_D42EcNt7uN5i4sVW6ySgKNaNMyoANOVe6i_Qn2wKN9O611dC-J_JfxG8KUU8EJcUhvKKrPPwYHjhvzjxqzKuqI4WcvMO9sEOkVlHI-Uaj3vJuGpRSzKiLYLwBaHzxnw3ZBMbNlaCo3u7UkAgs8m5wFE5=s860" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="602" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjNuQfQl5RT0jn4HE2TegG4tBhBfhe-tZJ_D42EcNt7uN5i4sVW6ySgKNaNMyoANOVe6i_Qn2wKN9O611dC-J_JfxG8KUU8EJcUhvKKrPPwYHjhvzjxqzKuqI4WcvMO9sEOkVlHI-Uaj3vJuGpRSzKiLYLwBaHzxnw3ZBMbNlaCo3u7UkAgs8m5wFE5=w140-h200" width="140" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In
an example of this, Oliver Cowdery (left) expands on a brief 107-word inserted statement
by Mormon who wrote: “And it came to pass that my people, with their wives and
their children, did now behold the armies of the Lamanites marching towards
them; and with that awful fear of death which fills the breasts of all the
wicked, did they await to receive them. And it came to pass that they came to
battle against us, and every soul was filled with terror because of the
greatness of their numbers. And it came to pass that they did fall upon my
people with the sword, and with the bow, and with the arrow, and with the ax,
and with all manner of weapons of war” (Mormon 6:7-9).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">However, Oliver waxes poetic as he inserts a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1,038-word</i> explanation of this event, expanding
on what Mormon briefly narrated. Describing these events in his own wordage
using his own opinions in wordage about ten times the amount of words as Mormon
needed, Oliver puts words into the descriptive event neither inserted by Mormon
nor intended.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Perhaps
there can be no greater example of a General Authority (Oliver Cowdery was the
First Counselor in the First Presidency to Joseph Smith at the time) using his
own opinions to describe a scriptural event, where those words have been
written and used time and again, even extended into a full book (Johnathan
Neville, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Letter VII</i>, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CreateSpace Independent Publishing
Platform, September 21, 2015), </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">suggesting
Church sponsorship and Joseph Smith agreement.</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As
George Q. Cannon, an early member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and who served
in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the First Presidency under four</span>
successive presidents of the church: Brigham Young, John Taylor, Wilford
Woodruff, and Lorenzo Snow, put it: “Do not, brethren, put your trust in man
though he be a bishop; an apostle, or a president; if you do, they will fail
you at some time or place, they will do wrong or seem to, and your support be
gone; but if we lean on God, He never will fail us. When men and women depend
on God alone, and trust in Him alone, their faith will not be shaken if the
highest in the Church should step aside. They could still see that He is just
and true, that truth is lovely in His sight, and the pure in heart are dear to
Him. Perhaps it is His own design that faults and weaknesses should appear in
high places in order that His Saints may learn to trust in Him and not in any
man or men (George Q. Cannon, “Need For Personal Testimonies,” 15 February
1891; Collected Discourses 2:178; Millennial Star 53:658–659, 673–675).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcZVyOJvBbY3UkW7wpW03s5hvCj8folfIJ4GASPntwEsdTpLlECjFyiR69dY44NliKfv_xBs4TRMZ2IoHeWPr7Auck5qoMwvRGzBmGb-iKt-nYzHzJZFEKivfSaLRwqQQIo7TCSd9OuRnsWtnwnxWCqEUGB310NYA1a60nApOuiHPKgV45O6SP2Krn=s862" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="862" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcZVyOJvBbY3UkW7wpW03s5hvCj8folfIJ4GASPntwEsdTpLlECjFyiR69dY44NliKfv_xBs4TRMZ2IoHeWPr7Auck5qoMwvRGzBmGb-iKt-nYzHzJZFEKivfSaLRwqQQIo7TCSd9OuRnsWtnwnxWCqEUGB310NYA1a60nApOuiHPKgV45O6SP2Krn=w200-h182" width="200" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Good
but imperfect prophets are especially likely to be slandered. Nor are they
immune from trials. In fact, of the responsibilities of priesthood leaders, the
Prophet Joseph Smith said, “The higher the authority, the greater the
difficulty of the station.” President John Taylor further said, “God tries
people according to the position they occupy” (Neal A. Maxwell, Promise of
Discipleship (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Co., 2001), chapter 10).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Of course, we have prophets today. Will they lead
us astray? Is that statement even true that they won't? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The prophets will not lead us astray from the Gospel path</i>. Can they
be incorrect on other issues-even involving the Church? Yes, they can. When
they claim revelation <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and follow proper
procedures</i> (vote of the Church) to make something binding, then we bow to
that. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Brigham Young presented <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">no formal revelation</span> for implementing the priesthood restriction
and there is none that can justify the ban's existence. When the prophets
haven't received revelation and are perhaps just trying to do good of their own
free will as has been divinely mandated (D&C 58:27-28), then it is possible
that they may get something wrong. We all have our free agency (2 Nephi 2: 16,
27; 10:23;) and the doctrine of infallibility is in direct contradiction to
free agency. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In addition, not </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">every statement made by a
Church leader, past or present, necessarily constitutes doctrine. A single
statement made by a single leader on a single occasion often represents a
personal, though well-considered, opinion, but is not meant to be officially
binding for the whole Church. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With
divine inspiration, the First Presidency (the prophet and his two counselors)
and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (the second-highest governing body of the
Church) counsel together to establish doctrine that is consistently proclaimed
in official Church publications. This doctrine resides in the four “standard
works” of scripture (the Holy Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and
Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price), are the official declarations and
proclamations, along with the Articles of Faith. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On occasion,
isolated statements are often taken out of context, leaving their original
meaning distorted.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
purpose of these comments is not to belittle leadership of the Church and/or
highlight mistakes, if any, made. Once again, we state as so many Presidents and
General Authorities before us have stated, that “God is perfect, and His
doctrine is pure. But He works through us—His imperfect children—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and imperfect people make mistakes</i>. In
the title page of the Book of Mormon we read, “And now, if there are faults
they are the mistakes of men.” This is the way it has always been and will be
until the perfect day when Christ Himself reigns personally upon the earth. It
is unfortunate that some have stumbled because of mistakes made by men.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhoUWM49LiUEwX08f34jNPRKfa3cv1dgP2lw6IcCaEjf1P9B91SeQLPOlWRCmOqRZpzcBUEshqtp8DdxtwJiba-n6fyiURZTzmCRMh2K0Y_O9OoSoIO7CFmOcdQWRulozmS9WaZRWiYRyyIKq1Q97SNQl85HAvRS52IQ53_rk9uGKEbRCCDp5eoX_Zq=s920" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="564" data-original-width="920" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhoUWM49LiUEwX08f34jNPRKfa3cv1dgP2lw6IcCaEjf1P9B91SeQLPOlWRCmOqRZpzcBUEshqtp8DdxtwJiba-n6fyiURZTzmCRMh2K0Y_O9OoSoIO7CFmOcdQWRulozmS9WaZRWiYRyyIKq1Q97SNQl85HAvRS52IQ53_rk9uGKEbRCCDp5eoX_Zq=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Final battle between the Nephites
and the Lamanites as described by Oliver Cowdery</i></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Therefore,
it is foolhardy to rely on a single outburst of information, description, or
series of claims that run contrary to the doctrines of the Church. Whether it
be Oliver Cowdery in his Letter VII, Joseph Smith supporting John Lloyd
Stephens conclusions about Mesoamerican ruins, or his forelorn letter to his
wife describing crossing the Plains of the Nephites in Zion’s Camp. These are
opinions, and there is not a single doctrinal support, in or out of the Book of
Mormon to support these specific comments.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Joseph
Fielding Smith </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">wrote: </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">It
makes no difference what is written or what anyone has said, if what has been
said is in conflict with what the Lord has revealed, we can set it aside. My
words, and the teachings of any other member of the Church, high or low, if
they do not square with the revelations, we need not accept them. Let us have
this matter clear. We have accepted the four standard works as the measuring
yardsticks, or balances, by which we measure every man’s doctrine. You cannot
accept the books written by the authorities of the Church as standards of doctrine,
only in so far as they accord with the revealed word in the standard works.
Every man who writes is responsible, not the Church, for what he writes. If
Joseph Fielding Smith writes something which is out of harmony with the
revelations, then every member of the Church is duty bound to reject it. If he
writes that which is in perfect harmony with the revealed word of the Lord,
then it should be accepted” (J</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">oseph
Fielding Smith, <i>Doctrines of Salvation</i>, comp. Bruce R. McConkie, 3 vols,
Bookcraft, Salt Lake City, 1954–56, 3:203–204).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">It is obvious, then, that Oliver Cowdery is using
his own opinions to describe the final Nephite-Lamanite battle at the Hill Cumorah
since it runs contrary to the doctrines of the Church—i.e., the Church has no
official statement or position where Lehi landed, where the final battle took
place, nor where the Hill Cumorah of the Book of Mormon was located (only the
Hill Cumorah where Joseph Smith obtained the plates).</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-79591783696865543822021-12-27T06:00:00.027-08:002021-12-27T06:00:00.173-08:00Only in the United States? Erroneous List of Heartland Matches – Part II<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"> <span style="font-family: Palatino;">Continuing
with <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Rod L. Meldrum
and Bruce H. Porter’s </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">inventory</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
of thirty-six prophecies and promises, listing passages that they believe show
“the American land of promise” to be solely within the United States. In regard
to this list, some of which were discussed in the previous post, another very
important point is left out of their 36 items that are crucial to a better
understanding of the occurrences Porter and Meldrum cite, and that is their oft
quoted Joseph Smith and General Authority remarks, as though they were Church
doctrine. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjr0YtFbkdlXtdg81qZ9SQysXfUtkz7ps8Mkng3qn--r1FGKTUJmK6lg3MwGUVkBkD2CrMyhfNq6Rj9zF8zJNQb6c8Mk2tXBino4l4SCfRJlv07TWAF3mq8i4SFgOZkANOgHJUk96-BEmQcUDlBESPleq0D39vXIMOMV9hVdiZH18g_HvMynxEybukZ=s1094" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="1094" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjr0YtFbkdlXtdg81qZ9SQysXfUtkz7ps8Mkng3qn--r1FGKTUJmK6lg3MwGUVkBkD2CrMyhfNq6Rj9zF8zJNQb6c8Mk2tXBino4l4SCfRJlv07TWAF3mq8i4SFgOZkANOgHJUk96-BEmQcUDlBESPleq0D39vXIMOMV9hVdiZH18g_HvMynxEybukZ=w200-h130" width="200" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">As an example, Joseph Smith was
given a two-volume set of books written by John Lloyd Stephens (far left), </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: medium; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">the
American writer, explorer and diplomat, and illustrated by traveling companion,
British artist, architect and explorer Frederick Catherwood (left)—best known for
is evocative illustrations of the Mayan ruins. Upon first meeting, it did not
take Stephens and Catherwood long for the two to realize their common desire to
explore the lost Maya cities, which produced the book: <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas
and Yucatán, </span></i><i><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">in 1841, eleven years after the publication of the
Book of Mormon.</span></i></span>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alongside Stephen’s eloquent
descriptions and vivid anecdotes, Catherwood’s wonderful drawings ignited the
imaginations of the western world. The book was a runaway bestseller, taking
America by storm and selling 20,000 copies in the first three months of
publication. Their success encouraged a second expedition, during which the men
spent ten grueling months visiting more than 40 Mayan sites, most of which were
entirely unknown to the outside world. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Both Stephens and Catherwood were
astonished at the exquisitely carved “idols” and altars and the massiveness of
the buildings of the ancient city of Copan. They knew they were exploring the
ruins of a civilization that rivaled or exceeded those of the Old World. At the
outset, Stephens expressed his fundamental conclusion after they had cleared
away the debris from the first stela they investigated</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Armed with his images of Chichén Itzá,
Uxmel, and Tulum, Catherwood returned to New York to work on his second book, <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Incidents of Travel in Yucatán</span></i>—which made
up the two-volume set that ended up as a gift in the hands of Joseph Smith at a
time when people in general scoffed at an advanced ancient civilization as introduced
and spelled out in the Book of Mormon—“Nonsense!” roared scientists and public
alike. Indians had never progressed beyond savagery. Americans of that age
could believe in almost anything other than an “Indian” civilization, in spite
of evidence from the conquest. Such proofs were either ignored or downgraded as
Spanish public-relations puffery. Scholars and historians held fast to their
antiquated beliefs and scorned Stephens’ efforts.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_Vbk-QQ9lpxWOhMRJbYmsKYC61tq_n-_ArBgLKc7vPkGZPNIkHgUcsmqSAXBixBL9KBOyUfBItOJ2N6hQYsnbok-wueBJJ1cVpmpO6y3N4kopN7hEiMrBF_toH52Jtq7jICOsWjcbe5wPrP7lIn_lyEn41SjKGQiRLzdj8iw2zOD0YQ2jwYOsMSuh=s1110" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="1110" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_Vbk-QQ9lpxWOhMRJbYmsKYC61tq_n-_ArBgLKc7vPkGZPNIkHgUcsmqSAXBixBL9KBOyUfBItOJ2N6hQYsnbok-wueBJJ1cVpmpO6y3N4kopN7hEiMrBF_toH52Jtq7jICOsWjcbe5wPrP7lIn_lyEn41SjKGQiRLzdj8iw2zOD0YQ2jwYOsMSuh=w200-h166" width="200" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The two volume set of books, however, which showed the world
there <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">really</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had been</i> just such an advanced civilization in the Western
Hemisphere, prompted Joseph Smith to remark that “<span class="markedcontent">It
will not be a bad plan to compare Mr.</span></span> <span class="markedcontent">Stephen’s
ruined cities with those in the Book of Mormon; light cleaves to light, and
facts are supported</span><br role="presentation" />
<span class="markedcontent"><span role="presentation" style="transform: scaleX(1.00269);">by
facts. The truth injur</span><span role="presentation" style="transform: scaleX(1.0038);">es
no one” </span><span role="presentation" style="transform: scaleX(0.998995);">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Times & Seasons</i>, “Truth will
prevail,” Vol. III, No.23, City of Nauvoo, October 1,1842). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="markedcontent"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Joseph
Smith had the courage to press forward in Book o</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f <span class="markedcontent">Mormon archaeology/history</span><span role="presentation"> </span><span role="presentation" style="transform: scaleX(1.00365);">research, “to assist the
Saints in establishing the Book of Mormon as a</span></span> <span class="markedcontent">revelation from God,” which was his last statement before
the</span><span role="presentation"> </span><span role="presentation" style="transform: scaleX(1.00511);">Oct. 1, 1842 extract</span>).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The articles were printed in the <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Times and Seasons</span></i>, the Church’s
official newspaper that was published in Nauvoo, Illinois, between the dates of
November 1839–February 1846. During that time, the editorship of the <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Times and Seasons </span></i>changed hands on
several occasions. The first issue of the <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Times
and Seasons</span></i> that was edited by Joseph Smith was the March 1, 1842,
issue in volume three, and he continued in the role of editor throughout the
rest of volume three until October 15, 1842.<span class="markedcontent"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No reliable information has yet been
discovered regarding the extent Joseph read Stephens’s volumes or discussed
them with colleagues. Under the date of June 25, 1842, either Joseph Smith or
the compilers of <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">History of the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span></i> noted the following: “Messrs.
Stephens and Catherwood have succeeded in collecting in the interior of America
a large amount of relics of the Nephites, or the ancient inhabitants of America
treated of in the Book of Mormon, which relics have recently been landed in New
York.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It should be noted that according to
the authors of the statement, that this phrasing, “interior of America,” is attributed
either to Joseph Smith or to compilers of <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">History
of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span></i>, and strongly
suggests or shows that Joseph believed in the definition of <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">America</span></i> as contained in Noah Webster’s
1828 dictionary. That is, “interior,” they claim clearly refers to the
territory of Mesoamerica—however, contrary to their claim, “interior” in 1828 was
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">formed from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inter</i> or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intra</i>, in or
within, and meant: “Internal; being within any limits, inclosure or substance;
inner; opposed to exterior or superficial; as the inland or remote from the
limits, frontier or shore—as the <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">interior</span></i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">parts of a country, state or kingdom</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obviously, laying claim to
Mesoamerica for the “interior of America,” is inaccurate. The Interior of America
was considered the area of the vast plains. In fact, during the first decade of
the nineteenth century, the geographic image of western North America began to
change dramatically. Based on the observations of Lewis and Clark, information
gathered from native people, and Clark's own cartographic work, this image
evolved from an almost empty interior with a hypothetical single mountain range
serving as a western continental divide, to an intricate one showing a tangle
of mountains and rivers. A continent that had once seemed empty and simple was
now becoming full and complex.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjytmzqa3XTIoQO_XRdtuME9KjBjohSBfhRNJVwnuyZzp9ZLeFDgqFXy7AlVIKDzhJIvsoP58pNh_bDFuSZ8hME3C7XzWgldSNBVaKaaLzSceP38cgv3-1h1AUj0TlTd5v27i52Ycn1y4SCpvxKeCbZBlsrCYQwpbE7FJib9ayzQhmIXe6MeDTUNP3X=s1452" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="924" data-original-width="1452" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjytmzqa3XTIoQO_XRdtuME9KjBjohSBfhRNJVwnuyZzp9ZLeFDgqFXy7AlVIKDzhJIvsoP58pNh_bDFuSZ8hME3C7XzWgldSNBVaKaaLzSceP38cgv3-1h1AUj0TlTd5v27i52Ycn1y4SCpvxKeCbZBlsrCYQwpbE7FJib9ayzQhmIXe6MeDTUNP3X=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Route of Lewis and Clark</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In mid-July 1806 Lewis and Clark, a
year after Joseph Smith was born, were on their way back from the Pacific. At
the same time a young army Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike left St. Louis
with twenty-three men to reconnoiter the Spanish borderlands. Unlike the other
expeditions commissioned by Jefferson, Pike did not travel by the command of
the president. Instead, he took his orders from General James Wilkinson,
governor of the Louisiana Territory and sometime secret agent for the Spanish. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pike carried out two expeditions for
Wilkinson. The first (August 1805–April 1806) took him up the Mississippi River
into present-day Minnesota. The second expedition began in July 1806 and drew
to a close in late June 1807. As drafted by Wilkinson, Pike's instructions took
the explorer into lands that were part of the Spanish empire. And in February
1807, near present-day Alamosa, Colorado, Spanish forces took Pike and his men
into custody. Pike was a spy but just who he was spying for remains an open
question. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pike's account of his southwestern
adventures, published in 1810, drew additional attention to the region and its
possible future as part of an expanding American empire. Thus, rather than to
any territory in Mesoamerica, the interior or America dealt directly with that
of the continental United States. The rather casual diary entry prepared by
Joseph Smith or by the compilers of <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">History
of the Church</span></i> also shows his support for the John Lloyd Stephens
1842 <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Times and Seasons</span></i>
articles that analysts have traditionally been wary of attributing directly to
Joseph. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Joseph Smith Papers Project
personnel will perhaps use this journal entry as positive evidence in support
of labeling the 1842 <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Times and Seasons</span></i>
articles as “Joseph Smith documents.” This because the quotation shows that
either Joseph or the compilers of <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">History
of the Church</span></i> authored the quotation or second, because the
quotation either shows the 1842 thinking of Joseph about Mesoamerica as
recorded by Joseph or the compilers’ subsequent understanding about the 1842
thinking of Joseph about Mesoamerica (Joseph Smith, <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span></i>,
7 vols, Deseret Book, Salt Lake City, 1980, 5:44).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Where the controversy arises is what
Joseph Smith said, or printed, or agreed to have printed regarding the
Mesoamerica area and Stephens and Catherwood’s work. However, the problem is not
what was said by Joseph, but the weight attached to the statement. It was
Joseph Smith himself who <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">wrote
in his diary on February 8, 1843: “A Prophet is not always a Prophet' only when
he is acting as suc.” He also said,</span> “When I speak as a man it is Joseph
only that speaks. But when the Lord speaks through me, it is no longer Joseph
Smith who speaks; but it is God, and let all Israel hear” (Hyrum L. Andrus and
Helen Mae Andrus, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">They Knew the Prophet</i>,
Bookcraft, 1974, p.84).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is not believed that everything a
prophet says is inspired by God (and nor do the prophets themselves think such).
Prophets are human beings who God has chosen to speak through—but not
everything they say is being said by God. Joseph Smith said that “a prophet is
only a prophet when acting as such" (<span class="reference-text">History of
the Church 5:265).</span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This means that “a statement made by
one leader on a single occasion often represents a personal, though
well-considered, opinion, not meant to be official or binding for the whole
Church”(<span class="reference-text"><i> Words of Joseph Smith</i>, 130, citing
Nauvoo Relief Society Minutes).<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now, was not Joseph Smith a mortal man? Yes. A fallible man?
Yes. Had he not weaknesses? Yes, he acknowledged them himself, and did not fail
to put the revelations on record in this book (<span class="reference-text">The
Book of Doctrine and Covenants</span>) wherein God reproved him. His weaknesses
were not concealed from the people. He was willing that people should know that
he was mortal, and had failings. And so with Brigham Young. Was not he a mortal
man, a man who had weaknesses? He was not a God. He was not an immortal being.
He was not infallible. No, he was fallible. And yet when he spoke by the power
of God, it was the word of God to this people”(<span class="reference-text">George
Q. Cannon, August 12, 1883. Journal of Discourses 24:274). </span>The First
Presidency cannot claim, individually or collectively, infallibility. The
infallibility is not given to men. They are fallible (12 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="reference-text">George Q. Cannon,
Gospel Truth, 1:206).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, just because Joseph Smith stated
in one form or another, in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Times &
Seasons</i> or elsewhere, that the drawings of Catherwood’s Maya sites showed
evidence of the Nephite Nation, does not mean necessarily that it was Nephite
per se, but that the magnificent Nephite Nation’s</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">presence in ancient America was verified by this example of
an advanced ancient people. Had it been stated doctrinally in nature, it would
be part of the doctrine of the Church today.</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-33263480824299708492021-12-26T06:00:00.032-08:002021-12-26T06:00:00.171-08:00Only in the United States? Erroneous List of Heartland Matches – Part I<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">According
to Heartland theory authors <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Rod L. Meldrum and Bruce H. Porter, </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">two dominant leaders in the
Heartland movement, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">have established a table of thirty-six
prophecies and promises, listing passages that they believe show “the American
land of promise can refer only to the United States.” Their chart of this
narrow view of the land promised to Lehi and his descendants is meant to show
readers </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">what
to use in identifying the ancient <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Nephite
Land of Promis</span>e—which they claim is the United States—but misses certain
critical points of understanding that show their erroneous conclusions.</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According to their book, their list
of thirty-six prophecies and promises, proves that the Book of Mormon’s
geography was located exclusively within the confines of what is now the United
States of America; however, the very basis of this view is undermined by an understanding
of the Angel Moroni’s view of this land he lived in, fought in, wrote about,
and produced, along with his father, the basis of what became the Book of
Mormon. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpkIJxLN6eAOoznKSlRVlswVVxeqE0rMlxvyujtE6ELZEvjKrg9-HsC4EXHrmfkmtIxfPdgSkpTIJp6EXFZogKEkFb4dJQGVv1vcAQHBH3dFNjbahMuV25P7qOKkQpveoVGUbmz3dZy9rfD2czl2KV6pzD49x7747j19rjZYeqe7TUmooSk5GxqVW8=s1298" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1154" data-original-width="1298" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpkIJxLN6eAOoznKSlRVlswVVxeqE0rMlxvyujtE6ELZEvjKrg9-HsC4EXHrmfkmtIxfPdgSkpTIJp6EXFZogKEkFb4dJQGVv1vcAQHBH3dFNjbahMuV25P7qOKkQpveoVGUbmz3dZy9rfD2czl2KV6pzD49x7747j19rjZYeqe7TUmooSk5GxqVW8=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moroni’s first appearance to Joseph Smith</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As an example, Moroni made a simple
statement to Joseph Smith in his first appearance (September 21, 1823) and
subsequently twice again, that “<span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">there was a book deposited, written upon gold plates, giving an account <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of the former inhabitants of this continent</i></span>,
and the source from whence they sprang” (Joseph Smith—History 1:34, emphasis
added).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now,
while the word “continent” has a meaning today, we need to ask “what meaning
did it have anciently during Moroni’s time and when Moroni spoke those words to
Joseph?” </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is
a critical point that Porter and Meldrum never address, relying on the current modern
interpretation that the United States, Canada and northern Mexico make up the
North American continent, and then limiting Moroni’s statement to mean only the
United States which they claim meets all their 36 points. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However,
three points are completely left out by them and need to be understood about
this word “continent.”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• What
did the word mean in 1823 America when Moroni used it?</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• What
did the word mean to Moroni and why did he use it?</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did the word mean during the publications
of the Book of Mormon between 1830 and about 1940?</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To understand
these and their importance, there is Nephi’s statement about how the Lord
communicates to us: “</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For the Lord God giveth light unto
the understanding; for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he speaketh unto
men according to their language, unto their understanding</i>” (2 Nephi 31:3,
emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, the Book of Mormon was written
in basic English of the 1830s New England region—a language Joseph Smith knew
and used, along with his family and the vast majority of the people at the time
(and appears in Noah Webster’s 1828 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">American
Dictionary of the English Language</i>). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgA_g6EOkABkECo-LnK5cZhRWJtzFvgDel_vvZdZLNmAQ7AeM5NFeiFg9Gd3od2y1O6GCu52yNfwQ_reHZy-yMZ71pMlKTM3jqnDAfvFI8U2HCKz_TEmj_5bqvP4q8vafwtdXU9UL2wYBdrsjkusP1gPZ1058CDXggc37IYHbOF6yzpB11ri0F-FRG=s1888" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1012" data-original-width="1888" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgA_g6EOkABkECo-LnK5cZhRWJtzFvgDel_vvZdZLNmAQ7AeM5NFeiFg9Gd3od2y1O6GCu52yNfwQ_reHZy-yMZ71pMlKTM3jqnDAfvFI8U2HCKz_TEmj_5bqvP4q8vafwtdXU9UL2wYBdrsjkusP1gPZ1058CDXggc37IYHbOF6yzpB11ri0F-FRG=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A conference of the early Church to discuss the printing of the Book of
Commandments</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However, as people are, some of the
early members of the Church, which </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">grew
rapidly in 1830–1831, felt at a conference where it was agreed to print the
Book of Commandments (Doctrine and Covenants), that the language used in the
revelations was not worthy of the voice of God and that a more sophisticated
language should be adopted. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">However,
the Lord responded with, “these commandments are of me, and were given
unto my servants in their weakness, after <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the
manner of their language, that they might come to understanding</i>” (Doctrine
and Covenants 1:24, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Thus,
it should be concluded that the words of God to man are in the form of man’s
own language (in the case of the Book of Mormon that is 1830 English). So what
did the word “continent” mean?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What did the word mean in 1823 America?</i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In 1820, the prevailing
view of most of the world, as well as much of the United States, including New
York where Joseph Smith lived, was that North and South America comprised one
continent—and was viewed as a </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">single
continent known as America</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. This
viewpoint was common in the United States until World War II, and remains
prevalent in some Asian six-continent models even today.</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In the four-continent model (Afro-Eurasia,
America, Australia and Antarctica); five-continent model (Africa, Eurasia,
America, Australia and Antarctica); and the six-continent model (Africa, Asia,
Europe, America, Australia and Antarctica), both North and South America are
considered just one continent, an attitude that prevailed even in America prior
to World War II. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLiSBD4v_felTNzj4HpRGIrgsVh1z_iVd3TmuH4q1IYOLA_jbBLJscpQaMnutCKlmhqAIFOWiKng_lWgiXjhMTiqbPnPMMYu_RyvjovjpghHyBblpo2c7KxYWQBX3ZKdFfYVhiBAmkwF_kDyZds6uyXc1joRxtqtZUS0KbZjEnBuW93-Ix31kJ_0qd=s1066" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1066" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLiSBD4v_felTNzj4HpRGIrgsVh1z_iVd3TmuH4q1IYOLA_jbBLJscpQaMnutCKlmhqAIFOWiKng_lWgiXjhMTiqbPnPMMYu_RyvjovjpghHyBblpo2c7KxYWQBX3ZKdFfYVhiBAmkwF_kDyZds6uyXc1joRxtqtZUS0KbZjEnBuW93-Ix31kJ_0qd=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
six-continent model</i></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">They are considered as separate continents only in
the seven-continent model, which though prevalent in the U.S. today, Latin
America (Central and South America) still hold to the Americas as one continent
(“Continents,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">National Curriculum in
England: Geogreaph Programmes of Study</i>, Department of Education London, UK;
F-10 Curriculum Geograph, </span><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Australian Curriculum, Assessment,
and Reporting Authority; </span></cite><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6
continents combined-America model; <i>Lexico tes Hellenikes Glossas</i>,
Papyros Publications; Combined-America continents model, <i>Neos
Eikonographemenos Geographikos Atlas</i>, Siola-Alexiou).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• What did the word mean to Moroni
and why did he use it?</span></i></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Even though </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">North America and South America are treated
as separate continents in the seven-continent model, they may also be viewed as
a single continent known as America. This viewpoint was common in the United
States until the 1940s and remains prevalent in some Asian six-continent models
today (Martin W. Lewis and Kären E. Wigen, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography</i>, University of California
Press, Berkeley California 1997).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In fact, way back in Moroni’s time,
he described the entire area of the Western Hemisphere as one land in his insert
while translating the Book of Ether: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">After
the waters had receded from off the face of this land</i> it became a choice
land above all other lands, a chosen land of the Lord; wherefore the Lord would
have that all men should serve him who dwell upon the face thereof” (Ether
13:2, emphasis added).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZyVn_X7EledSbcOy9R7dM3-fubqb38xKe7xObF2GoHt7RTsw1ZziWgad1ilmR9wTdbc_NaO-5cVyWRQWx6lWjc7Ui2_l7UpDlvDakPRZkbIudBZh0WqJwqkyNrXkzRB3lJ9QJo254TM7L0UShBz6sADkoc3_MllQ5Dfvf6Hk6VmhuFrqr_HvEJuBf=s1416" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1416" data-original-width="1304" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZyVn_X7EledSbcOy9R7dM3-fubqb38xKe7xObF2GoHt7RTsw1ZziWgad1ilmR9wTdbc_NaO-5cVyWRQWx6lWjc7Ui2_l7UpDlvDakPRZkbIudBZh0WqJwqkyNrXkzRB3lJ9QJo254TM7L0UShBz6sADkoc3_MllQ5Dfvf6Hk6VmhuFrqr_HvEJuBf=s320" width="295" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It was not only the United States or
even North America from which the waters withdrew, but all of North, Central
and South America—an extended Land of Promise, but not just the land the Lord
promised to Lehi.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“This land,” of course, would refer
either to 1) the Land of the Jaredites, or 2) the entire connected land mass
without political borders—which did not exist in Moroni’s lifetime. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moroni
used the word “continent” to mean all the land, since: “the Lord God giveth
light unto the understanding; for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">he
speaketh unto men according to their language, unto their understanding</i>” (2
Nephi 31:3, emphasis added). And to Joseph Smith in the 1820s, he understood
continent as both North and South America.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What did the word mean during the
publications of the Book of Mormon between 1830 and about 1940?</i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Normally,
it would be surprising to find North and South America still joined into a
single continent in a book published in the United States in 1937; however,
such an occurrence and belief remained fairly common until World War II
(Alexander L. DuToit, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Our Wandering
Continents: an Hypothesis of Continental Drifting</i>, Oliver and Boyd
Publishers, Edinburg, Scotland, 1937). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By the
1950s, however, American geographers had come to insist that the visually
distinct landmasses of North and South America deserved separate designations,
yet, the </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">single American continent model still remains the more
common view today in France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal,
Spain, and Latin American countries. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The point is, that in communicating
to Joseph Smith in Joseph’s understanding, Moroni was referring to the
“continent” of America, including North and South America.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for more
information on Porter and Meldrum’s 36 erroneous points)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-61597788887229038542021-12-25T06:00:00.002-08:002021-12-25T14:25:43.681-08:00MERRY CRISTMAS<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Celebrating our 12th Christmas Season of our Blog</span></span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCiBwVNKyoieZnYyYiFd2YtW6ip592spF7qM9IyunR7uABSVwYo--W3mTTxbqwiNJ9wfsvP5sy5UuYsglhutkUKB42qy98utsIBJrPoK_iTUPdc7pYxkjAn8ZVME7jnW5puXlKwlLNES203dUT57UYlpJRuVqw3mTEJuorlxg4W_GiPpVdEXqnIbf0=s1640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1640" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCiBwVNKyoieZnYyYiFd2YtW6ip592spF7qM9IyunR7uABSVwYo--W3mTTxbqwiNJ9wfsvP5sy5UuYsglhutkUKB42qy98utsIBJrPoK_iTUPdc7pYxkjAn8ZVME7jnW5puXlKwlLNES203dUT57UYlpJRuVqw3mTEJuorlxg4W_GiPpVdEXqnIbf0=w400-h231" width="400" /></a></div><br />Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-55895891939211832802021-12-24T06:00:00.039-08:002021-12-24T06:00:00.184-08:00How Heartland and Great Lakes Theorists Err in their Location of the Land of Promise - Part II
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some theorists write, when evaluating
someone else’s map, that it does not agree with their own map and, therefore,
is in error. Since both maps are in error in not matching the scriptural record,
both are of little value. In this blog, we only relate points <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to the scriptural record</i> and do not include
personal opinions unless so noted—which is very seldom. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The point being, which should be the
point of all searches for Lehi’s Land of Promise, and that is to start with the
scriptural record—and not just a single or few cherry-picked verses, but from 1
Nephi and the trip to Bountiful, the building of the ship, and the course Nephi
took in guiding his ship to the promised land.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are at least, 40, and perhaps
50 or so scriptural references of Mormon and others writings in the scriptural
record, as they described the land upon which they lived. It seems inherently
arrogant to set their views aside today and insert one’s own views and opinions—yet,
that is what most theorists do!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKvAd0CMq-DO6l8TfzpocjcaYNG5KgomT10h2T8UUdv0njG2gOt5SVvTySUYF5EeNqUJ3NlbU0gDfIZDqFeyhElmIXUrgn-CDkJ3oMTD68_2ASILXgaCX_syZIZp59HR-lS-irqnn-dTxrzQLB1aeCsMGEZKFMi8t_QCLLBdeF1wJ5AHiDi7lm9_1P=s1220" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="756" data-original-width="1220" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKvAd0CMq-DO6l8TfzpocjcaYNG5KgomT10h2T8UUdv0njG2gOt5SVvTySUYF5EeNqUJ3NlbU0gDfIZDqFeyhElmIXUrgn-CDkJ3oMTD68_2ASILXgaCX_syZIZp59HR-lS-irqnn-dTxrzQLB1aeCsMGEZKFMi8t_QCLLBdeF1wJ5AHiDi7lm9_1P=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sorenson’s map of his Land of Promise, running east and west in
Mesoamerica</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Take John L. Sorenson as an example.
Considered the guru of the widely-accepted Mesoamerican theory, he has turned
his map nearly 90º to the west, causing an east-west Land of Promise rather
than a north-south land as Mormon gives us (Alma 22:27-34), in order to provide
what he called Mormon north. This means his East Sea is in the north (Gulf of
Mexico), his West Sea is in the south (Pacific Ocean), his Land Northward is to
the west (southern Mexico) and his Land Southward is in the east (Guatemala,
Belieze, Yucatan, and Honduras).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hardly anything in his map (or
theory) is in compliance with the scriptural record without changing the
meaning of Mormon’s writing to conform to his changes.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEibhftC_duLvJrMS-p_H0Vj-ebbn9Gxgsx6MZJ4a9CFpham4xhCJQi5of734gtlDbg1XPmBgBHUCckK-PPATYR7Se5rQKNVr212JuApdkeDj-DEIvnwqruKBwu9_xr91sNqorgdSk-Hy0TWbjSIKKJLQa7gYSdYiTn4_cum8TtKWvv7KhCetNU-BFtj=s1500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="1500" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEibhftC_duLvJrMS-p_H0Vj-ebbn9Gxgsx6MZJ4a9CFpham4xhCJQi5of734gtlDbg1XPmBgBHUCckK-PPATYR7Se5rQKNVr212JuApdkeDj-DEIvnwqruKBwu9_xr91sNqorgdSk-Hy0TWbjSIKKJLQa7gYSdYiTn4_cum8TtKWvv7KhCetNU-BFtj=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Olive’s map of her Land of Promise in the Great Lakes</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Also, take Carol Phyllis Olive, an
original leaders in the Great Lakes theory, states that one should start with
the Hill Cumorah and then expand outward from there since Cumorah is the only geographic
point known for certain. However, the only point known about Cumorah is the
hill near Palmyra in which Joseph Smith received the plates of the Book of
Mormon. We do not know, for example, that this was the same hill Cumorah as
written about in the Book of Mormon—in fact, there is much in Mormon’s writing
to suggest that it is not.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, Olive has Lehi landing
in the area north of Detroit along the St. Clair River between Lake St. Clair
and Lake Huron, probably around Anchor Bay or Algonac. The question is, how did
Nephi get an ocean-going ship (or any boat larger than a canoe) southwest of
Montreal on the St. Lawrence River, since that three-mile part of the river was
fraught with the Lachine Rapids that required even canoes to offload and be
portaged the three miles past the rapids, descending from 581-feet to 92-feet (from
about Lasalle to about Dorval) where they could pick up the river once again—not
until the Canadian engineers dug a canal around Montreal in the late 1800s
could a ship sail past Montreal. And then it was stopped by the rise in the river
of several hundred feet to Lake Ontario and even higher to Lake Erie, requiring
a complete lock system today to achieve.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7SALDvyvtCnPMq0xWvKuwLmyBKrVrdVfU4m0nx62ZNqPAUtSMu6GhQJqm0f0aP5Ntoxv3biKCiaTfwaLm9nxuWvs1EwyqKRFVu4mdzmBLCa2K38Nbz2nFWKzB1oXO-zvlpxuw2962u-NListWRtWkb8gXE5T3M7Uv32wadNWSN66ThLkiE8Cf-fhJ=s1386" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="968" data-original-width="1386" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7SALDvyvtCnPMq0xWvKuwLmyBKrVrdVfU4m0nx62ZNqPAUtSMu6GhQJqm0f0aP5Ntoxv3biKCiaTfwaLm9nxuWvs1EwyqKRFVu4mdzmBLCa2K38Nbz2nFWKzB1oXO-zvlpxuw2962u-NListWRtWkb8gXE5T3M7Uv32wadNWSN66ThLkiE8Cf-fhJ=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meldrum and Porter’s map of their Land of Promise in the vast plains of
the heartland</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, one can take Rod Meldrum
and Bruce H. Porter’s Heartland theory, who <span class="hgkelc">suggest that <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Book of Mormon events took place in the
heartland</span> of the United States, east of the Mississippi River from the
Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Their map, however, </span>places the
sequence of the Land of Promise lands completely out of order, which enables them
to use the vast plains of the United States heartland as the land of the
Nephites. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meldrum and Porter place (White
Circles) the Land of Zarahemla to the west, and a little north of the Land of
Bountiful, where Mormon places Bountiful to the north of Zarahemla. They also
place <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(Yellow
Circle)</span></span> the “head” of the river Sidon at the confluence of the
Mississippi River and the Ohio River, at Cairo, Illinois. However, according to
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">National Wild and Scenic </i><em><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Rivers</span></em><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> System</i>, the <span class="hgkelc">Ohio
River is 981 miles long, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">starting at the
confluence</i> of the Allegheny and the Monongahela Rivers in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ending in Cairo,
Illinois</i>, where it flows <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">into <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the Mississippi River.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Consequently, there is no “head” of any river at
this confluence—it is the mouth (end) of the Ohio River. The </span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mississippi
River, which is the second longest river in North America, flowing <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2,350 miles</span> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">from its source</i> (or “head”) at Lake Itasca in Minnesota, through
the center of the continental United States to where it empties (mouth) into the
Gulf of Mexico.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIeypbwOZmlrRi8k89zp4vdlvk0FwharRYeL0lq9VOiJnlMjUFvIldPz52HhBJJhwDlbCVAeMU2i1IgQ0RD_3cSw3EpvfBTt6Tt9JZw7lJ8DjjTfWfoM8XEEVQ8bOSZT5S-rJcytvPNXUAQMX52iIGELrC5fdS_PE8KoTvckQ8P8IUTthUAn6DmgsN=s1156" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1156" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIeypbwOZmlrRi8k89zp4vdlvk0FwharRYeL0lq9VOiJnlMjUFvIldPz52HhBJJhwDlbCVAeMU2i1IgQ0RD_3cSw3EpvfBTt6Tt9JZw7lJ8DjjTfWfoM8XEEVQ8bOSZT5S-rJcytvPNXUAQMX52iIGELrC5fdS_PE8KoTvckQ8P8IUTthUAn6DmgsN=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Another Heartland view from “Moroni’s
America” theorist. Note the erroneous placement of the lands</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From the
theorist of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moroni’s America</i> on the Book
of Mormon Evidence website under “The North American Setting for the Book of
Mormon,” comes the above map, showing the same disconnect from Mormon’s
descriptions of the Land of Promise and this theorist’s view of that land. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note (Red
Circle) the erroneous widening of the Mississippi River south of Illinois to accommodate
a “sea” rather than a river, which the Mississippi definitely is.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note
also that the Land of Bountiful is east (not north) of the Land of Zarahemla.
Also note that the Land of Nephi (in the east) borders the Land of Bountiful,
which Mormon never states. And note (White Cirlce) the tiny Land of Desolation
which led into the Land Northward—not shown.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are several disconnected seas
in their map: 1) 2 Sea Wests; 2) 2 Sea Norths; 3) 2 Sea Easts; and 4) 1 Sea
South—though what the Gulf of Mexico is called in this diagram is unknown. It
should be noted that only <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">four seas</i>
are mentioned in the scriptural record, and not in multiple terms: “</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">they did
multiply and spread, and did go forth from the land southward to the land
northward, and did spread insomuch that they began to cover the face of the
whole earth, from the sea south to the sea north, from the sea west to the sea
east” (Helaman 3:8).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is, of course, the Jaredite “Sea that divided the
land,” which was connected to the Narrow Neck of Land, as well as their Ripliancum,
a water area in the north.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However, Mormon makes it clear that
the Land of Promise began in the south where Lehi landed (Alma 22:28)—not in
North America as Meldrum and Porter claim, or in Mesoamerica as Sorenson and
others claim. This is seen in their various Land of Promise maps which shows an
attempt to place various lands in the space each has suggested that do not fit
properly, nor agree with Mormon’s description.</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From this landing location, Mormon
tells us that the Nephites moved northward when Nephi was told by the Lord to
flee into the wilderness and take as many as would go with him (2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nephi 5:5). Now to the south were the
Lamanites, to the west was the Sea West, and to the east was the Sea East—that left
only northward.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nephi was led by the Liahona and
settled in a location the Lord had chosen for them, the area later known as the
City of Nephi within the Land of Nephi. There the Nephites stayed about 400
years until they became so wicked, that the Lord told Mosiah to “flee out of
the Land of Nephi with as many as would hearken unto the voice of the Lord
should also depart out of the land with him, into the wilderness” (Omni 1:12).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhoMspRy7_JCYjOS8r1PHkZCWKWCb60V5sfoatlVWxSfmUo7s0oatJ8AuPc8zfbBVQl07Vfm0ZcX_9m_Fil38SSXvRa7DgglgRQyfEgOJrcY0qramk5LxniFbt0ocWEdUfZiWDPlmTgRB0Z0b35NqIhRQX0PvqH-klpbI6uWWGybY6O9YiR-5xoQ2ah=s1252" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1252" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhoMspRy7_JCYjOS8r1PHkZCWKWCb60V5sfoatlVWxSfmUo7s0oatJ8AuPc8zfbBVQl07Vfm0ZcX_9m_Fil38SSXvRa7DgglgRQyfEgOJrcY0qramk5LxniFbt0ocWEdUfZiWDPlmTgRB0Z0b35NqIhRQX0PvqH-klpbI6uWWGybY6O9YiR-5xoQ2ah=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nephi traveled northward in search of a settlement area far distant
from his older brothers who sought his life, which when settled, called it the
Land of Nephi</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They traveled northward, since the
Land of Zarahemla and the city of Zarahemla, which Mosiah discovered, was in
that direction (Alma 22:27). As Mormon inserts: “The king sent a proclamation
throughout all the land, amongst all his people who were in all his land, who
were in all the regions round about, which was bordering even to the sea, on
the east and on the west, and which was divided from the land of Zarahemla by a
narrow strip of wilderness” (the Land of Nephi was to the south and the Land of
Zarahemla was to the north of this narrow strip of wilderness), which ran from
the sea east even to the sea west, and round about on the borders of the
seashore, and the borders of the wilderness <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">which
was on the north by the land of Zarahemla</i>, (north of the king’s Land of
Nephi) through the borders of Manti, by the head of the river Sidon, running
from the east towards the west -- and thus were the Lamanites and the Nephites
divided” (Alma 22:27, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northward from the Land of Zarahemla was the Land of
Bountiful (Alma22:29) and northward, beyond that, Bountiful bordered upon the
land which they called Desolation, it being so far northward that it came into
the land which had been peopled and been destroyed—thus the land on the northward
was called Desolation, and the land on the southward was called Bountiful”
(Alma 22:30-31). And northward of this area was the Land of Cumorah within a
Land of Many Waters (Mormon 6:4).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It seems inarguable that if one is going to located the Land
of Promise that these scriptural reference points, locations and directions
need to be considered, and more specifically, the descriptions of all this written
and described by Mormon.</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-5567066937526000122021-12-23T06:00:00.003-08:002021-12-23T06:00:00.181-08:00How Heartland and Great Lakes Theorists Err in their Location of the Land of Promise - Part I<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There
is considerable controversy and differences of opinion as to where Lehi landed,
and where the land “we have obtained a land of promise, a land which is choice
above all other lands; a land which the Lord God hath covenanted with me should
be a land for the inheritance of my seed. Yea, the Lord hath covenanted this
land unto me, and to my children forever, and also all those who should be led
out of other countries by the hand of the Lord” (2 Nephi 1:5). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
looking for that land promised to Lehi, many theorists have put forth their opinions
and beliefs as to its geographical location. Many, as the following Heartland
theorist does, begin with a specific and single point in mind, and then build
an entire Land of Promise around it. Quoting him:<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> “</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">In
my view, there are two categories of Book of Mormon maps: </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Those
that show Cumorah in New York, and those that don’t.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I see this as a clear
binary choice.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For
me, any map that doesn’t put Cumorah in New York is not useful or even
relevant.”</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiusje6J1fOU_rlYzKNxABYC71V0aroHxXwz24P2M6YV6pJFzbO-ByK-OalH5yhcmOtJtc3sEZKwKLFiTvrsQE2GhEwqGituig_JTZqkH4NzB_q2vyK5evwCUVX3gwip_cku8Zy8kO4a1xa1N4f4IkYrGjRLjFe_PKqlNhSZxA-nLGowAADcPdekcD1=s1112" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1058" data-original-width="1112" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiusje6J1fOU_rlYzKNxABYC71V0aroHxXwz24P2M6YV6pJFzbO-ByK-OalH5yhcmOtJtc3sEZKwKLFiTvrsQE2GhEwqGituig_JTZqkH4NzB_q2vyK5evwCUVX3gwip_cku8Zy8kO4a1xa1N4f4IkYrGjRLjFe_PKqlNhSZxA-nLGowAADcPdekcD1=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A theorist beginning with Cumorah in New
York</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
order to do this, the theorist must place his Land of Nephi up against the Land
Northward, ignoring Alma’s description that the Land Northward was “so far Northward
that it came into the land which had been peopled and been destroyed” (Alma
22:30)—referring to the Jaredites—and that the Land of Zarahemla was between
the Land of Nephi and the Land Northward (Alma 22:27).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
addition, his map shows no Sea West as Mormon describes for the Land of Nephi’s
western boundary: “on the west, in the land of Nephi; yea, and also on the west
of the land of Zarahemla, in the borders by the seashore, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on the west in the land of Nephi, in the
place of their fathers' first inheritance, and thus bordering along by the
seashore</i>” (Alma 22:28, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
addition, this theorist has to place his Land of Bountiful between the Land of
Zarahemal and the Land of Nephi, contrary to Mormon’s description (Alma 22:27).
Also, this theorist claims that Bountiful, which he locates between the Land of
Zarahemla, to the west, and the Land of Nephi, to the east, does not touch any
sea to the West other than the Great Lakes—which are clearly lakes <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and had no outlet to the sea in 600 BC</i>.
Yet, Mormon states: “Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he
went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation,
and launched it forth into the west sea, by the narrow neck which led into the
land northward</i>” (Alma 63:5, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It
is also interesting that on this map, the Sea South is north of the lands of
Zarahemla, Bountiful, and Nephi; and the Sea West is in the middle of the
Nephite lands—hardly correct or near-correct directional labels which all other
places in the Book of Mormon are.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQoRjt-gyCNal6jXcD6auuU3DrlQ6XCpHrCxcekC_RNSClqGRmaR5gzzYVXNIMHT9mUbYikrQkmjtNvumnwo9wx7VCPaZ0gaiTi945vZ1dJwIomlvKbAqjSNH9yL_UM52cmy4s38g2EV0Wq5UQ0dzNBedrEhtNhMDqMHwxy-ZxfnK0cyfKBKw4wH7B=s1744" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1014" data-original-width="1744" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQoRjt-gyCNal6jXcD6auuU3DrlQ6XCpHrCxcekC_RNSClqGRmaR5gzzYVXNIMHT9mUbYikrQkmjtNvumnwo9wx7VCPaZ0gaiTi945vZ1dJwIomlvKbAqjSNH9yL_UM52cmy4s38g2EV0Wq5UQ0dzNBedrEhtNhMDqMHwxy-ZxfnK0cyfKBKw4wH7B=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heartland Theorist map of the Land of
Nephi and the Land of Zarahemla</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Another
Heartland Theorist also claims that the Land of Nephi is separated from the
Land of Zarahemla by the Land of Bountiful which they have placed in between—rather
than by a narrow strip of wilderness as Mormon states (Alma 22:27). In fact,
several errors appear in this brief map as in all theorists’ maps:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
The land of Zarahemla is north of the Land of Nephi (Alma 53:10). Map shows it
to the west;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
There is a Narrow Strip of Wilderness running from the Sea East to the Sea West
between the Land of Zarahemla, to the north, and the Land of Nephi, to the South
(Alma 22:27). Map shows no such strip of wilderness, only the Ohio River, which
is not a wilderness but a river. Also Map shows Nephi and Zarahemla east and
west of one another, not north and south;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
Land of Zarahemla lower in elevation than the Land of Nephi (Alma 51:11; 53:10).
One the Map, these two locations are nearly the same elevation;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
The Land of Nephi runs from the West Sea to the East Sea, throughout which Land
of Nephi the Lamanite King sent his proclamation: “the king sent a proclamation
throughout all the land, amongst all his people who were in all his land, who
were in all the regions round about, which was bordering even to the sea, on
the east and on the west: (Alma 22:27). Map does not show this, with the Land
of Nephi running from the Allegheny River to the East.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOFJAqAF9k_ReygRpKuz8CUoSeSrvwArU0ZVfEI2dBvGBeHCDCBrJqzUvVnYLr9QPbo2S3HqTlleB4RpmV1leRPFH5kJBGONyTLfsQIBPknCWfC_fJh8_Am8r9jHJzmFS2eneb8o5Rq5kcGdUmyrK4_nqL6MrrG7bxybglWK6bAgjZ2_DuuVN98tM2=s1200" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="1200" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOFJAqAF9k_ReygRpKuz8CUoSeSrvwArU0ZVfEI2dBvGBeHCDCBrJqzUvVnYLr9QPbo2S3HqTlleB4RpmV1leRPFH5kJBGONyTLfsQIBPknCWfC_fJh8_Am8r9jHJzmFS2eneb8o5Rq5kcGdUmyrK4_nqL6MrrG7bxybglWK6bAgjZ2_DuuVN98tM2=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Another theorists’ map</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yet
another theorist map showing errors in the scriptural matches, with no West Sea
to the west of the lands of Nephi, Bountiful and Zarahemla. Mormon specifically
mentions such a Sea, when he states that: “the land of Nephi and the land of
Zarahemla were nearly surrounded by water, there being a small neck of land
between the land northward and the land southward” (Alma 22:32); and also that Hagoth
launched his ships into the West Sea at the narrow neck of land (Alma 63:5).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
addition, this theorist’s Narrow Strip of Wilderness does not separate the Land
of Nephi from the Land of Zarahemla, but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>lies between the Land of Bountiful and the Land of Nephi. Also, he has
the Land of Bountiful north of the Land of Nephi, with the Land of Zarahemla
north of the Land of Bountiful, all contrary to Mormon’s descriptions. Also,
the land of Bountiful does not touch the Land of Desolation. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigvEQDaoQStK8sGfupWDBdOFVmIJGIfOGnSUzbO6_7_NAT7RqjA6vxG-piD9_9V7ICvJEPxyRp-RtQ3xFVGz62uNVVAH5BXYioWyLPMprcCiPPXj3gyFKVPxDx9C_MkbWOSDOZik4gXZ5SWNTUsgxmrABd7luMkDOV23Qixf15L39NprhbJ4Xq9CoB=s1464" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="1464" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigvEQDaoQStK8sGfupWDBdOFVmIJGIfOGnSUzbO6_7_NAT7RqjA6vxG-piD9_9V7ICvJEPxyRp-RtQ3xFVGz62uNVVAH5BXYioWyLPMprcCiPPXj3gyFKVPxDx9C_MkbWOSDOZik4gXZ5SWNTUsgxmrABd7luMkDOV23Qixf15L39NprhbJ4Xq9CoB=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Mesoamerican map showing the same
error</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
Mesoamericanist has the same trouble following Mormon’s directions, when he
places the Land of Desolation to the west of the Land of Bountiful instead of to
the north as Mormon states: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">on the
north, even until they came to the land which they called Bountiful. And it
bordered upon the land which they called Desolation, it being so far northward
that it came into the land which had been peopled and been destroyed” (Alma
22:29-30).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The land
of Bountiful lies far north of the land of Zarahemla (Alma 22:29), with a “fortified”
line between the land of Zarahemla and the land of Bountiful that could be
crossed in a single day from the west sea to the east—Royal Skousen, a
professor of linguistics at BYU, claims <span class="reference-text">the word
"sea" was purposely "ellipted" or removed in several cases.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note that in Alma 22:32-33 that "East" implies the
proper noun <i>East Sea</i> in the 1830 Ed., p288; Alma 50:8, note that
"West" implies the proper noun <i>West Sea</i>, p363, 1830 Ed; in
Alma 50:34, note that "west" and "east" are not
capitalized, p365, Helaman 4:7. Also, note that "East" implies <i>East
Sea</i>, p415, 1830 Ed. Implicitly, there was a "sea" east of
Bountiful (Skousen, </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analysis
of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Part Four, FARMS, 2007, p2069).</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-s8f4_iUgZGfCD5U9Sy_P56wlivWaFFG_T-IDx3mKV1yBrekdCZogViJOVbGwpZgHJ7wXTnozdAfXxnwmzUhBnxPwudmS-yEojXEyMmBWCaTZQFkEDABDGXJK3lxf7kkGsHu14phMFZlGhKlOfSiA-C8mk__iD8ZQApVGClbOXu71-LzUUbARmV4n=s1498" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="922" data-original-width="1498" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-s8f4_iUgZGfCD5U9Sy_P56wlivWaFFG_T-IDx3mKV1yBrekdCZogViJOVbGwpZgHJ7wXTnozdAfXxnwmzUhBnxPwudmS-yEojXEyMmBWCaTZQFkEDABDGXJK3lxf7kkGsHu14phMFZlGhKlOfSiA-C8mk__iD8ZQApVGClbOXu71-LzUUbARmV4n=s320" width="320" /></a></div>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Still another
Mesoamerican map</i></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This theorist has the Land of
Bountiful far to the east of the Land of Desolation (Land Northward). Yet,
Mormon makes it clear that Desolation was north of Bountiful: “</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">they came from there up into the south
wilderness. Thus the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">land on the
northward was called Desolation</i>, and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">land on the southward was called Bountiful” </i>(Alma 22:31, emphasis
added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It
is also interesting that this theorist has Hagoth’s ships sailing several
hundred miles westward rather than follow Mormon’s description: “Hagoth, he being
an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an
exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land
Desolation, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">launched it forth into
the west sea, by the narrow neck which led into the land northward</i>. </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">And in the thirty and eighth year, this man built
other ships. And the first ship did also return, and many more people did enter
into it; and they also took much provisions, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and set out again to the land northward</i> (Alma 63:5,7, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The point is, as always, none of these maps match Mormon’s many
descriptive explanations of various views and terrain of the Land of Promise—these
theorists seem to be more interested in their own opinions and beliefs than the
scriptural record.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post regarding more of theorist maps and the
errors they contain based on the scriptural record).</span></span></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-79708054753924483232021-12-21T19:04:00.005-08:002021-12-21T19:05:49.049-08:00Is Climate Really Important? – A Middle Latitude Location - Part IV<p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When those who sailed for the New World, to settle in a new land
that was totally disconnected from the lands of Spain, as in the settlement of St.
Augustine, Florida (1585); or from Europe, whether Jamestown, Virginia (1606); or
Plymouth Rock 1620); they had to bring with them their own living equipment and
provisions, including food production. This meant, of course, shelter (which
they brought with them the tools to build shelters) and agricultural needs (which
they brought with them the tools for tilling and plowing the ground to plant
seeds, which they also brought with them).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There was no going down to the
corner grocery story or 7-11 to pick up dinner, you ate what you grew or
starved (hunting and fishing were never enough to feed an entire colony).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The problem each of these and all
other initial colonies encountered was that seeds from Europe did not grow in
the New World. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnsrheJiUTRtvznJCCAhjowz28p0XoKtFpXRHV88J3zcXGjc7BVh1XQnsfrtytIlybEWziWWfTNAPdRJSbNrP6CArceexbvMhK_0RSbZ-uysLiFFkDbbASzrt-WiRzIUPYmIcWMraVCryF_pr_bv2efr64WNl5R8qclKxLithC6Q6sLZtbNjAQnzuP=s1372" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1372" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnsrheJiUTRtvznJCCAhjowz28p0XoKtFpXRHV88J3zcXGjc7BVh1XQnsfrtytIlybEWziWWfTNAPdRJSbNrP6CArceexbvMhK_0RSbZ-uysLiFFkDbbASzrt-WiRzIUPYmIcWMraVCryF_pr_bv2efr64WNl5R8qclKxLithC6Q6sLZtbNjAQnzuP=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Early Settlements that had great difficulty initially feeding themselves</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• As an example, St. Augustine has a
Humid Subtropical Climate—however, their seeds came from a <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters
climate. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Jamestown has a Humid Continental </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Climate—however, their seeds came
from an Oceanic Climate .</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Plymouth, Massachusetts, has a Humid
Subtropical Climate, however, their seeds came from an Oceanic Climate. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Each of these colonies found that
their seeds brought from the Old World would not growing sufficiently to
provide needed food supplies.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Even as late as the 1800s, when the
first European settlers in Alberta, Canada, planted wheat seeds they had
brought from warmer climates, the seeds did not grow properly. Success with
wheat production came only after one wheat farmer wrote to his brother in
Russia and asked him to send a small quantity of wheat seed from the Moscow
area. These imported Russian seeds grew exceedingly well in Alberta, and became
the seed stock for much of the wheat grown in Alberta today, including today. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alberta, Canada, and Moscow, Russia,
both sit along the cold front of the Arctic—Moscow at 55 ºN, and Alberta,
Canada, 54 ºN; and both have Continental Climates. Thus, the climate of the
Moscow region, of course, is an analog to the climate of the wheat growing area
of Alberta. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The critical story behind the mutiny
on the Bounty saga was not the mutiny of the crew, but the aborted mission of
transporting bread fruit plants (and their seeds) on the ship Bounty from the
tropical south Pacific island climates to areas of the same climate in the
Caribbean islands. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcrZwJ69gTp9NaFd7s3Pxqe0LUCXXGbewCViCxHPRCTlpaoQL1HjoQCiC_P-lEpddnS9NmoZroR_AdhqSS_0BN8Bt39C4O4ecXIvFY-ynzJXdN2Mqrd2j2z7-24KUA6y8wgVwBctxqJwcv97CjVFKs2SnDr6sTUwyvJFqO-4FES_xCoyqTjd3x1mCU=s1332" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1332" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcrZwJ69gTp9NaFd7s3Pxqe0LUCXXGbewCViCxHPRCTlpaoQL1HjoQCiC_P-lEpddnS9NmoZroR_AdhqSS_0BN8Bt39C4O4ecXIvFY-ynzJXdN2Mqrd2j2z7-24KUA6y8wgVwBctxqJwcv97CjVFKs2SnDr6sTUwyvJFqO-4FES_xCoyqTjd3x1mCU=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mutiny carried breadfruit for food storage and support of early settlements</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The crops of the introduced bread
fruit plants were intended by the British to help eliminate wide-spread
starvation. Commercial production of Kiwi fruit and Granny Smith apples started
in New Zealand decades ago in growing areas classified by climatologists as
Marine West Coast climates. Now seeds of these southern hemisphere plants
produce these same commercial fruit products in the identical Marine West Coast
climate of the State of Washington. Even today, groups espousing the theory of
global warming, and fearing its consequences, are stockpiling seeds from around
the world in cold storage locations in Norway, at the cost of tens of millions
of dollars. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By this means they hope to protect
the world’s seed stock and then redistribute seeds to world areas when climate
change prevents the successful planting from a local inventory of seeds.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Again, it is significant to note
that the seeds brought by the Nephites from Jerusalem would have required a
like Climate—both being Mediterranean Climates. That is, seeds developed in a
Mediterranean Climate (Jerusalem) require another Mediterranean Climate (Land
of Promise) for planting and growth.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is inarguable that those
Mediterranean Climates in the Western Hemisphere where Lehi could have landed
would have been either California in the North, or Coquimbo Bay, Chile, in the
South.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Despite all the rhetoric to the opposite
by a myriad of theorists, Lehi could only have landed in one of these two sites—California
or Chile. And California would have to be eliminated, since none of the other more
than 40-scriptural references and descriptions, by Mormon and others, makes
that quite clear in these earlier posts, which have pointed out that neither Mesoamerica,
the Heartland nor Great Lakes has the climate for Lehi’s seeds to have grown “exceedingly”
and produced an “abundant” crop from the seeds brought “from Jerusalem.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obviously, the climate of the Land
of Promise would have had to provide a close match to the climate of the land
of Jerusalem. Thus the seeds brought by the Nephites from the land of Jerusalem
would have been planted in an analogous environment where they could “grow
exceedingly.” </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEize3UMW4qpz6Q7D7hI-X5nhpoanzwGdcjtoM_c9SGtkM-98rMvcrtOG24fiE70UWcQD8X_ZL6_8A_EUAMon71AaermbL3J6Mp52YgOPOcdcEu0PqL_pgJgwVr2FihzkwqN6G9APyKI_TTqJCBWxSmsCTX-1lRlBkrtg-CgpCFvNHvIvqEAA9Egrorr=s1232" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="846" data-original-width="1232" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEize3UMW4qpz6Q7D7hI-X5nhpoanzwGdcjtoM_c9SGtkM-98rMvcrtOG24fiE70UWcQD8X_ZL6_8A_EUAMon71AaermbL3J6Mp52YgOPOcdcEu0PqL_pgJgwVr2FihzkwqN6G9APyKI_TTqJCBWxSmsCTX-1lRlBkrtg-CgpCFvNHvIvqEAA9Egrorr=s320" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Olives, the foodstuff of the Israelites</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Growing in land of Jerusalem in 600
BC were grapes, olives, figs and barley, and potentially would have grown just
as abundantly and successfully in the Nephite’s new Land of Promise since those
were some of the “seeds of every kind<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nephi would have brought with him. In
addition, evergreens such as Pine and Cypress trees are mixed with deciduous
trees such as several Oaks, Jujube, Dracaena and Argania, with the climate good
for cereal and vegetable crops, including wheat, hard winter wheat, grains,
barley and pulse. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, there were almonds,
hazelnuts, pistachios, chestnut, pomegranates, apricots, kumquat and citrus as
well as apples, pear, plum, apricots, nectarine, persimmon, grape, blackberry,
blueberry, artichoke, asparagus, and an assortment of annual vegetables and
herbs. There were also broad-leaf evergreen shrubs, bushes, and small trees, as
well as <i>opuntia</i> cactus and the large Agaves.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Of course the most significant
fruits of the time were grapes that could be made into wine; figs that were not
just a simple fruit—they were consumed fresh or dried, and both figs and raisins
were also mashed into cakes or dried fruit cakes; and olives, which were <span class="hgkelc">important as well for their oil. Unless a family was wealthy,
large cuts of meat tended to be reserved for important meals</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nathan MacDonald of Hebrew Studies
at the University of Cambridge, who completed his doctorate on the book of
Deuteronomy, and taught Old Testament at the University of St Andrews, spending
eight months as a Humboldt research fellow at the
Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München. In 2008 he was awarded a <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Sofja-Kovalevskaja Prize</span></i> which enabled
him to lead a research team on Early Jewish Monotheisms at
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. According to MacDonald, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">bread and other grain-based foods probably
provided over half to three-fourths of caloric intake during biblical times.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In
addition, hard or durum wheat is suited to Palestine’s dry and warm climate and
was the primary kind of wheat cultivated in ancient Israel. The other staple
crop, barley, was perceived inferior, as evidenced by its usage alongside straw
as horse feed during the reign of Soloman and the distinction made by Josephus
that those who were wealthy ate wheat bread and the poor ate barley bread.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Wheat and barley, of course could be consumed in a
variety of forms—fresh, roasted, or most laboriously, processed to make bread.
In order to provide for a family of five or six, processing could take an
estimated three hours a day and would have been done by women and servants. However,
a more common preparation method would be mixing flour, salt, and water and
cooking it on a flat hot stone to make an unleavened cake similar to a chapati.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3q7H7BtHCBFJ6Ujm9JueNu0Lf4YHzfX3tolce8RtNcgu_93VVf9_T41FKVxaJtvAsoZC_OGUvRNcyn2LzqodoSSlmyQvSzB6YjPA78PDetyO_08daS9oKXaxsiOENp15102k3DdBiznF7yxWvzRxmn0-0yqiOuWDHsSUM-4ZPAnqmnFZch4JTw-P_=s634" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="446" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3q7H7BtHCBFJ6Ujm9JueNu0Lf4YHzfX3tolce8RtNcgu_93VVf9_T41FKVxaJtvAsoZC_OGUvRNcyn2LzqodoSSlmyQvSzB6YjPA78PDetyO_08daS9oKXaxsiOENp15102k3DdBiznF7yxWvzRxmn0-0yqiOuWDHsSUM-4ZPAnqmnFZch4JTw-P_=w141-h200" width="141" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">MacDonald (left) believes pulses, some vegetables,
and perhaps a little fruit would have provided the remainder of the meal’s
nutrition—vegetables were probably on the lowest tier. Meat was most preferred
but due to cost, pulses were likely to have been the main source of protein for
the majority of people.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The point, as always, and once again, is that </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">seeds
brought by Lehi from Jerusalem would have required a like Climate—both being
Mediterranean Climates. That is, seeds developed in a Mediterranean Climate (Jerusalem)
require another Mediterranean Climate (Land of Promise) for planting and
growth.</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is simply inarguable that those
Mediterranean Climates in the Western Hemisphere where Lehi could have landed
would have been either California in the North, or Coquimbo Bay, Chile, in the
South—and despite all the claims of opposition, Lehi could only have landed in
one of these two sites—California or Chile. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is simply no chance that Jerusalem seeds would have
grown in the <span class="hgkelc">Oceanic Subtropical Highland Climate</span> of Guatemala,
nor the <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hot-semi
arid climate of the Heartland, nor the humid continental climate of the Great
Lakes.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And this
is just one of the more than 40 scriptural matches that are required to locate
Lehi’s Land of Promise.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: 24pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-82588706013876272162021-12-20T17:27:00.002-08:002021-12-20T17:30:09.191-08:00Is Climate Really Important? – A Middle Latitude Location - Part III<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(To
our regular readers: Excuse the lengthy delay—had a long bout with Covid to
which I am not completely over so future articles for a time might be sporadic)</span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Continued from the previous two posts
regarding Mediterranean climates and because of their moderate temperatures and
limited rainfall, are often the most-visited tourist destinations in the world.
Both North America and South America contain numerous regions with good to
tolerable climate areas, but it is not difficult to make the case that the
“most choice above all other lands” are those regions with Mediterranean
climates and the regions adjacent, both a little north and a little south, of
the Mediterranean climate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEipkV1UIP4w2a5Ud-u5JZbWxAdVXFes-suf_et3RFIIFEQZfJ9bo64G8SodQ3PvQH-ljRey3FBvUx14CB43TUQo-7_aJI7v_5WprcE5dLRqaLHJ5eGcTcrE72fCGfyEz322vJTOOKhN1ncNBA1h7beHhUXrEP8vIvAXKjAOJhbYw8nuO9yjafXTTK5f=s1244" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="922" data-original-width="1244" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEipkV1UIP4w2a5Ud-u5JZbWxAdVXFes-suf_et3RFIIFEQZfJ9bo64G8SodQ3PvQH-ljRey3FBvUx14CB43TUQo-7_aJI7v_5WprcE5dLRqaLHJ5eGcTcrE72fCGfyEz322vJTOOKhN1ncNBA1h7beHhUXrEP8vIvAXKjAOJhbYw8nuO9yjafXTTK5f=w320-h237" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Planting all the seeds brought from Jerusalem</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based upon all the references of the
Book of Mormon that can be related to their climatic circumstances, it would
appear that the Lord led Lehi to such a land—and based upon the planting of
seeds brought from Jerusalem and panted in the Land of Promise, which grew
exceedingly and provided abundant crops, no other climatic lands would have
been possible—since seeds do not grow just anywhere.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are certain references that
relate to climatic conditions in the Land of Promise, such as the occurrence of
grapes made into wine by Noah—Mediterranean climates are most conducive to such
growth—who became a wine-bibber as well as his people (Mosiah 11:15); in
addition, the Lord caused “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">that rain
should fall upon the earth, insomuch that it did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bring forth her fruit in the season of her fruit</i>. And it came to
pass that it did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bring forth her grain in
the season of her grain</i> (Helaman 11:17)</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Grapevines
thrive best in climates with <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">long warm
summers, and rainy winters—a Mediterranean Climate</span>. Warm weather during
the growing period enables grapevines to flower, fruit set, and ripen. </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A singular and unambiguous clue to the
location of the Land of Promise is provided in Nephi’s account of his family’s
efforts to establish an agrarian base in their new land. When Lehi and his
family left the Jerusalem area the records stated that “we had gathered
together all manner of seeds of every kind, both of grain of every kind, and
also of the seeds of fruit of every kind” (1 Nephi 8:1). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some ten years later, when the
family finally landed in their new location in the Land of promise, Nephi
stated that “we did begin to till the earth, and we began to plant seeds; yea,
we did put all our seeds into the earth, which we had brought from the land of
Jerusalem. And it came to pass that they did grow exceedingly; wherefore, we
were blessed in abundance” (1 Nephi 18:24). Note that not only the seeds “grew
exceedingly,” but that “all” their seeds were planted. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPYOtNsMvr1JRLjsKNJCMiTgiYCQ5FuLKV_VZhAP5nxjlC-2ajVfwGqnRG6PKu2uCEcSMUeij2O5-w-q-vOAr7cHq6SLA-sA4uRRhtcJcuWaPE3oztzkZC5NdpU90YEqUL3vyGxO2SHcLluAOd7ECcOw3mvNwHSNhhUF_wzIi2U20TiyPs_S75K42q=s1190" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="1190" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPYOtNsMvr1JRLjsKNJCMiTgiYCQ5FuLKV_VZhAP5nxjlC-2ajVfwGqnRG6PKu2uCEcSMUeij2O5-w-q-vOAr7cHq6SLA-sA4uRRhtcJcuWaPE3oztzkZC5NdpU90YEqUL3vyGxO2SHcLluAOd7ECcOw3mvNwHSNhhUF_wzIi2U20TiyPs_S75K42q=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">There was no second chance in planting and harvesting that first Nephite
crop</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There was no second chance for
success if the first year’s crops failed. And later when Nephi and part of his
extended family were forced to flee from the families of Laman and Lemuel and
journey many days to another location, he records “we did sow seed, and we did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">reap again in abundance</i>” (2 Ne. 5:11).
And some 400 years later Zeniff states that in the land of Lehi-Nephi they
“began to till the ground, yea, even with all manner of seeds, with seeds of
corn, and of wheat, and of barley, and with neas, and with sheum, and with
seeds of all manner of fruits; andwe did begin to <br />
multiply and prosper in the land” (Mosiah 9:9). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The successful planting and
harvesting of transported seeds provides a little-noticed but powerful and
significant clue to the Nephite location. Seeds can not just be gathered in one
location and then planted anywhere in the world and be expected to “grow
exceedingly” and provide “abundant crops.” The seeds might have germinated in
many locations, but only when the seeds were planted in an analogous location
in terms of climate and soil (with climate being a major determiner of soil
fertility) will they “grow exceedingly.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plants and seeds today are
classified according to climate zones and then sold according to the buyer’s
planting and climate region. Examples of this agricultural challenge can be
provided from the first European settlers in New England, Australia and other
world locations. These early settlers suffered famine and privation for years
until they could determine by trial and error what would best grow in the
climate and soil of their new land, and where best to acquire suitable seeds
and plants. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wheat cultivation was introduced
into Mexico in 1521, but it did not appear in the territory that would become
Canada and the United States until 1602—discovering wheats suitable for new
areas was a reoccurring struggle. Farmers in eastern Canada and New England
continuously experimented to find cold-tolerant and pest-resistant wheats (A.
E. Slinkard and and Douglas R. Knott, <span class="ref-journal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Harvest of Gold: The History of Field Crop
Breeding in Canada</i>, University Extension Press, University Saskatchewan,
Canada, 99). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However, the challenges were
particularly acute when pioneers moved wheat cultivation westward onto the
northern Prairies, Great Plains, and Pacific Coast. All these regions
eventually became major wheat suppliers<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,
but only after farmers learned to overcome climatic conditions far different
from those prevailing to the East and in Western Europe. The initial attempts
to grow traditional wheat cultivars frequently failed.</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4Y1IgJTSjgNmqTH46h3oshqWLZ4zhpsUhU3xUd1dBZmB6djaisjrOk4te0KbmC1scCoNhtWZ4CoLM54O4w35mkd7bfa2uOAxiP2_jB6zIJ9LBtWRhD6_lDJIL-yPmNYpqlk-jWmlbARkzIbx3N3QDK4835C4moIc2TXqhTicU9RWMEqlLb0_5IqA8=s1750" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="964" data-original-width="1750" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4Y1IgJTSjgNmqTH46h3oshqWLZ4zhpsUhU3xUd1dBZmB6djaisjrOk4te0KbmC1scCoNhtWZ4CoLM54O4w35mkd7bfa2uOAxiP2_jB6zIJ9LBtWRhD6_lDJIL-yPmNYpqlk-jWmlbARkzIbx3N3QDK4835C4moIc2TXqhTicU9RWMEqlLb0_5IqA8=s320" width="320" /></a></i></div><p></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From the Red
River Settlement to Manitoba (1812–1870). Nice land but no soil match to grow
food and the lack of food supplied spelled the d of many settlers</span></i></h6><h6 style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></h6>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The
experiences of the Selkirk colonists who settled near Lake Winnipeg offer another
example of difficulty. The winter wheat, first tried in 1811–1812, failed.
Successive crops of spring wheat also succumbed to drought, freezing, and
insects. To obtain sufficient seed for the 1820 crop, a band of Selkirk
settlers had to trek more than 1250 miles round trip to Prairie du Chien on the
upper Mississippi River during the dead of winter. After about a decade of
hungry times, the colony began to sustain itself (</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J. <span class="element-citation">Pritchett, </span><span class="ref-journal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Red River Valley, 1811–1849: A Regional
Study</i>, </span><span class="element-citation">Yale University Press, New
Haven, CT:; 1942. pp. 113–228).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The prolonged troubles of the Selkirk colonists
represented a clear case of settlers leapfrogging beyond the limits of their
climatic knowledge. However, even when settlers inched west in a more orderly
fashion, the challenge of adapting was daunting. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In the 1840s, attempts to grow soft winter wheat
on the Wisconsin Prairie failed repeatedly, and wheat culture succeeded only
after farmers switched to a new hard spring wheat cultivation, (A. L. </span><span class="element-citation"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olmstead and P. W. Rhode, </span></span><span class="ref-journal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Creating Abundance: Biological
Innovation and American Agricultural Development</span></i></span><span class="ref-journal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span></span><span class="element-citation"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cambridge
University Press, New York, 2008).</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Initially,
the Great Plains were depicted as the “Great American Desert” and were
considered incapable of supporting agriculture. The first waves of settlers
from the humid East and Midwest moved into the High Plains during the
relatively wet years of the 1880s. These farmers, along with railroad and
government officials, significantly miscalculated the climatic obstacles that
had to be overcome (G. E. Libeap and Z.K. Hansen</span><span class="element-citation"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rain follows the
plow and dryfarming doctrine: The climate information problem and homestead
failure in the upper Great Plains, 1890-1925</i>. </span></span><span class="ref-journal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J Econ Historical, Vol.</span></span><span class="ref-vol"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">62</span></span><span class="element-citation"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 2002, pp86-120).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="element-citation"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Success </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">required decades of experimentation and frequently
depended on knowledge and cultivars introduced by immigrants from frigid and
arid locales of Eurasia.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the early settlements, to prevent
starvation, food from elsewhere was transported long distances and at great
expense. Lehi’s family did not have the benefit of trial and error or imported
food—“we did begin to till the earth, and we began to plant seeds; yea, we did
put <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all our seeds into the earth</i>,
which we had brought from the land of Jerusalem. And it came to pass that they
did grow exceedingly; wherefore, we were blessed in abundance.” Lehi had one
chance at planting—they put all their seeds into the ground.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Their seeds either grew with the
first planting or they didn’t. There was no second chance or a secondary source
of food.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Lord knew this, of course and
led them to a like climate, a Mediterranean Climate, in which Lehi’s seeds grew
exceedingly. This while other settlers failed in their planting attempts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post regarding the
final comments regarding planning of Lehi’s seeds).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"> </span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-56516453719232939982021-12-09T06:00:00.036-08:002021-12-09T06:00:00.174-08:00Is Climate Really Important? – Part II<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Continued
from the last Post. For those who do not accept the Köppen Climate
Classification, you might want to consider that it is a vegetation-based, empirical
climate classification system developed by German botanist-climatologist
Wladimir Köppen, whose goal was to devise formulas that would define climatic
boundaries in such a way as to correspond to those of the vegetation zones (biomes—a
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">major
community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental
conditions</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">) that were being mapped
for the first time during his lifetime. Köppen published his first mapping in
1900 and a revised version in 1918. He continued to revise his system of
classification, which </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">is the most widely used system for
classifying the world's climates, </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">until
his death in 1940. Other climatologists have modified portions of Köppen’s
procedure on the basis of their experience in various parts of the world. As
late as </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1936 (when Köppen was ninety), his model integrated
precipitation and temperature regimes in such a fashion as to relate climate to
vegetation patterns, thus serving thinking in several fields, notably
climatology, meteorology, phytogeography, hydrography, and physiological
ecology.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjR7GNeaS56LbM3TPvGnZN5NGmRFSUeppCTBlmOddHttsAEMuhYAwZ3NvBTXcK8IBmidjBBXDkFYQQLAFQ-2Us1wqSuODsLum5ibRXyY3YxlokUzzIKeuf9LVbaKDxZMu5gQfIv8m3yJ4pOVFCXDhzfKQIT2jYMWwyiZBQlIuFpPhwtslWDYoCtTY8l=s818" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="818" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjR7GNeaS56LbM3TPvGnZN5NGmRFSUeppCTBlmOddHttsAEMuhYAwZ3NvBTXcK8IBmidjBBXDkFYQQLAFQ-2Us1wqSuODsLum5ibRXyY3YxlokUzzIKeuf9LVbaKDxZMu5gQfIv8m3yJ4pOVFCXDhzfKQIT2jYMWwyiZBQlIuFpPhwtslWDYoCtTY8l=w200-h156" width="200" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Left: Wladimir Köppen; Right: </i></span><span class="hgkelc"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hans Wilhelm Geiger</span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
addition, Hans Wilhelm Geiger, a German Physicist, who died in 1945 and who was
best known as the inventor of the Geiger counter that measured radiation,
helped forge the Köppen-Geiger </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">climate classification system that
divided climates into five main climate groups. These groups are: A (tropical);
B (dry); C (temperate); D (continental); and E (polar). A second letter
indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while a third letter indicates the
level of heat. As an example: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">BWh</i> is
a “dry, hot desert” climate; or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Csa</i>
is a “hot-summer Mediterranean Climate; or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Csb</i>
is a warm-summer Mediterranean climate; or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Csc</i>
is a “cold-summer Mediterranean climate; or a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dfa</i>, a “hot-summer humid continental climate,” or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dwb</i> a “monsoon-influenced warm-summer
humid continental” climate.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As a full example of the
Mediterranean Climate from which Lehi’s seeds were developed and planted in the
Land of Promise, a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Csa</i> Mediterranean
Climate, like that of Jerusalem and Israel has a hot-summer, wet winter with
the coldest month averaging above 32 °F or 27 °F, at least one
month's average temperature above 71.6 °F, and at least four months
averaging above 50 °F. At least three times as much precipitation in the
wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of
summer receives less than 1.6 inches <cite><span style="font-family: Palatino;">(E.
Beck, et al., “Present and future </span></cite></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Köppen-Geiger climate classification
maps, Scientific Data, </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Vol.5<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i></span><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">30 October 2018).</span></cite><cite><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-style: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></cite></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Under
the Köppen Climate Classification, </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a Mediterranean Climate, like that
of Jerusalem “Csa” has<span class="hgkelc">, (C) "dry-summer
subtropical" climates that has an average temperature above 50°F in their
warmest months, and an average in the coldest between 64 to 27°F. It also has
(s) </span>precipitation in driest month of summer half of the year is less
than 1.18 inches annually and less than one-third of the wettest month of the
winter half. Finally, it (a) has the <span class="md-raw-html">temperature of
warmest month 71.6º F or above.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The point being that the <span class="hgkelc">Köppen</span>-Geiger system <span class="hgkelc">is the most widely
used system on the planet for classifying the world's climates</span>, and which
use this system for determining several things locally including what types of
seeds to plant and where to plant them. The importance of this information is
seen in the number of seed planters and growers who use this system exclusively
for the base of their seed development— adjusted of course to include modern knowledge
and technology (which was not available until around 1900 AD, certainly not
over two thousand years earlier in Lehi’s time).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKqo9guQHKiR2aOznMXRUkjwSB3qUHTsx8cWICgtTEnmhqZ20wYURv6oHrUlJs0S-L94qAB8J2QAOqKeZgQ15yvqO9BzpLZ7UJdPn9mc-K_XT8UpQW5ILCg68WYwXewDzM8FgU0MgeYUVnVMx4FK8iQP5WsFYAnlMUZrUOQLml7FFuDIlOZotx9Q1r=s1266" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="1266" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKqo9guQHKiR2aOznMXRUkjwSB3qUHTsx8cWICgtTEnmhqZ20wYURv6oHrUlJs0S-L94qAB8J2QAOqKeZgQ15yvqO9BzpLZ7UJdPn9mc-K_XT8UpQW5ILCg68WYwXewDzM8FgU0MgeYUVnVMx4FK8iQP5WsFYAnlMUZrUOQLml7FFuDIlOZotx9Q1r=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Radar at the Southern Great Plains field measurement site, which takes
climate data for research </i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, for more than a hundred
years, Climatologists have repeatedly shown how research and analysis has been
carried out by geographers, who specialize in climatology, to categorize and
locate the world’s climates, especially to identify the causal factors that
differentiate these climates.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is in interesting that the
preface in Olive’s book states: “<span class="mhrhead">[this] is a work that
introduces a setting that meets all the requirements necessary to be the lands
of the ancient Nephites and Jaredites” (Phyllis Carol Olive, </span><i>The Lost
lands of the Book of Mormon, </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Cedar
Fort Publishing, Utah, 2012, preface).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After
all, the </span><b><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mediterranean
climate of Israel was a major climate type of the Köppen Classification</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">that is
characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters and located between
about 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the Equator, and on the western
sides of the continents. In the Köppen-Geiger-Pohl system, it is divided into
the Csa and Csb subtypes.<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some coastal locations (such as
southern California) exhibit relatively cool summer conditions and frequent
fogs where cold offshore currents prevail. Only in Europe, where the latitude
for this climate type fortuitously corresponds to an ocean basin (the
Mediterrranean Sea—from which this climate derives its name), does this climate
type extend eastward away from the coast for any significant distance.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yet, this
simple understanding of climates and the growing of seeds that: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">grow exceedingly</i>; wherefore, we were
blessed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in abundance</i>” (1 Nephi 18:24,
emphasis added)—information easily accessible to anyone looking for it—and
certainly not matching the climate of the Great Lakes, which Olive claims “<span class="mhrhead">meets all the requirements necessary to be the lands of the
ancient Nephites and Jaredites, which can plainly be seen that it does not—nor does
</span>the Heartland nor Mesoamerica.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It should also be noted that the nature
and location of Mediterranean Climates is acknowledged by climatologists to be the
“most choice” areas of the world’s surface for human habitation and agriculture.
Mediterranean-type climates. This climate, dry summer tropical or “Csa” or “Csb”
in the Köppen classification, and differentiated by a moderate annual
temperature range and a distinct wet winter season and a distinct dry summer
season—these two moderate <br />
temperature seasons, with alternating wet and dry periods, allow different
types of agriculture <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over the course of
the entire year</i> and, obviously, support an expanded variety of cultivated
crops and domesticated animals, and a significant number of wild animals and
native plants. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDfO8dSW9nGEqOCukKYMA6Q2_uD29SJHr1X8tTHMmPZURcObGacCJOgu2g637xuiOYIfspmgfjErU-e7BEEY9pT3iwCoVd_OEWoH-h4emrGJCK0Dg0nYjDD4kr-iTnxGmc8_ZaMGN2_yp6JTnSVOvxQV8QOoxpE8dd6Bm9s8YS4ajlCvpad7iu4RGY=s2484" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="2484" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDfO8dSW9nGEqOCukKYMA6Q2_uD29SJHr1X8tTHMmPZURcObGacCJOgu2g637xuiOYIfspmgfjErU-e7BEEY9pT3iwCoVd_OEWoH-h4emrGJCK0Dg0nYjDD4kr-iTnxGmc8_ZaMGN2_yp6JTnSVOvxQV8QOoxpE8dd6Bm9s8YS4ajlCvpad7iu4RGY=w400-h169" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Central and Southern California and central Chile are the only Mediterranean
Climates in the Western Hemisphere—they are far removed from Great Lakes,
Heartland and Mesoamerican climates</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This Mediterranean climate occurs in
only a few spots of the earth’s surface. All are located in the mid-latitudes
and then only on the west side of continents because of the earth’s atmospheric
circulation of high pressure cells that control the temperature and
precipitation patterns of Mediterranean climates. The largest area of
Mediterranean climate is located around its namesake the Mediterranean Sea, the
hereditary home of Lehi and the Nephite nation of the Book of Mormon peoples,
and an area their founder, Nephi, knew first-hand. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The large water area of the
Mediterranean Sea influences the surrounding land areas and increases the
extent of Mediterranean climate in southern Europe and parts of northern
Africa. Other areas are the southern half of the state of California and
northern Baja California in Mexico are the only other areas of Mediterranean
climate in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere there is a small
area of Mediterranean climate centered on in the area between Santiago, Chile, and
northward to Coquimbo and La Serena, Chile, and in limited areas around the
cities of Perth and Adelaide, Australia, and on the southern tip of South
Africa. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This means, the only the area of
California and Central Chile have this climate in all of the Western
Hemisphere, where significant amounts, and an exceptional variety of
agricultural products are produced in these relatively small Mediterranean
climate areas during all months of the year, including both dry and wet
seasons. Substantial amounts of these products are exported around the world;
and, understandably, the population levels are often rather high in
Mediterranean climates, because of their exceptional agricultural output. For
example, if necessary, California’s agricultural areas could produce enough
food to support the entire population of the United States and Canada, and, not
unexpectedly, the population of California exceeds any other state and is even
greater than that of Canada. The small area of southern California, centered on
Los Angeles and San Diego, California, currently have a combined population
exceeding 23 million. </span></p><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Certainly, seeds from Jerusalem
would not have grown “exceedingly” and provided an “abundant” crop in the Great
Lakes, Heartland or Mesoamerica.</span>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-43800350081840105402021-12-07T06:00:00.026-08:002021-12-07T06:00:00.186-08:00Is Climate Really Important? – Part I<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Almost
every theorist claims as a prelude of their stating their opinions and beliefs
about the location of Lehi’s Land of Promise, begins with a statement such as:
“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Any search for the Nephite location has
to begin, first, with the statements in the Book of Mormon</i>,” or “</span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Joseph Fielding Smith states,
“anything the church authorities—including Joseph Smith—have said about ‘Book
of Mormon geography’ is irrelevant if it conflicts with what is in the Book of
Mormon itself</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the other hand, Phyllis Carol Olive,
a Great Lakes theorist had a different view: “<i>Seeking the Land of Promise
should first begin with known locations, like the Hill Cumorah in New York</i>”
(Olive, <i>Lost Lands of the Book of Mormon</i>, Cedar Fort Publishers, Springville,
Utah, 2012); and John L. Sorenson claims it must start with tropical
Mesoamerica since that is where the only landform of a narrow neck exists in
the Western Hemisphere.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Few theorists talk much about the
climate in support of their Land of Promise. When they do, it is rarely, if
ever, used in conjunction with the scriptural reference found in Nephi’s
comment after their first landing (1 Nephi 18:24), or upon their subsequent
crop in the city of Nephi (2 Nephi 5:11). Mesoamerican theorists use climate
only as a support for their tropical climates in their model location of Mesoamerica,
i.e., the wearing of loincloths.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However, a better understanding of
climate, especially in conjunction with an agrarian society is the most
important planting and harvesting of their food—something Nephi would have seen
to upon landing—in fact, it would have been the most important thing to do once
arranging shelter, such as setting up tents, and ten obtaining water.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To accomplish this, as all farmers
throughout history have known, is the climate, soil, temperatures: First,
temperate climates of the middle latitudes is and has always been the most
beneficial for habitation by man. Climatologists have shown that the colder
climates in northern and southern hemispheric locations as well as the hot
zones of the equator present great difficulties or challenges to people who
settled there—especially when coming from a different climate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSGb38QHHZp1TDS4Bi9l_UtfsQWZ5D9qEq8o3bZDTyGH6NXjUmimOsWI2T334XRbq75NB44JML-7AcPtP32JEwtGnzeD7npsNi496CGz2EIkwGeMhD_-VCrXY6xBcaGto3kVD-7bosREmybsZzFuXU20boGFu-IAow34OEyLz0ImSlxk7XHY211QJ5=s1652" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="1652" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSGb38QHHZp1TDS4Bi9l_UtfsQWZ5D9qEq8o3bZDTyGH6NXjUmimOsWI2T334XRbq75NB44JML-7AcPtP32JEwtGnzeD7npsNi496CGz2EIkwGeMhD_-VCrXY6xBcaGto3kVD-7bosREmybsZzFuXU20boGFu-IAow34OEyLz0ImSlxk7XHY211QJ5=w400-h174" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The blue area represent the tropical areas of the planet. Anciently,
plants that grew there were tropical plants</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When it
comes to the planting of seeds—as Nephi did upon landing: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">And it came to pass that after we had sailed for
the space of many days we did<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> arrive at
the promised land; and we went forth upon the land</i>, and did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pitch our tents</i>; and we did call it the
promised land. And it came to pass that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we
did begin to till the earth</i>, and we began to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">plant seeds</i>; yea, we did put <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all
our seeds into the earth, which we had brought from the land of Jerusalem</i>.
And it came to pass that they did grow exceedingly; wherefore, we were blessed
in abundance”</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (1 Nephi 18:24)—it is important to know that seeds have
always grown better in a very similar climate as that in which they were
developed. As an example, cold climate apples, grapes, avocados, carrots,
beets, etc., do not grow in the tropics; and tropical, <span class="hgkelc">guava,
papayas, </span>pineapples bananas, grapefruit, passion fruit, mango, etc., did
not grow in cold climates. In addition commonality of soils is also important.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1XWBP3HKA4t80oUbpcLEM1bLlwUxtQaKl_k62Kv2xpwZiRg1iyN7yvJDVfX2dsw_pbeIhriwOLtBzVOC3gqPoSlPLNnb3aUkTHntwN83siImnRDPF8XRVjJrHEZZtyBQyVbRVI9x_Ji8HKHcELwcRQRTwx0xQYU35jQeVKgZwMlpDCktS4F6J_EID=s1558" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="980" data-original-width="1558" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1XWBP3HKA4t80oUbpcLEM1bLlwUxtQaKl_k62Kv2xpwZiRg1iyN7yvJDVfX2dsw_pbeIhriwOLtBzVOC3gqPoSlPLNnb3aUkTHntwN83siImnRDPF8XRVjJrHEZZtyBQyVbRVI9x_Ji8HKHcELwcRQRTwx0xQYU35jQeVKgZwMlpDCktS4F6J_EID=w400-h251" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Initial Colonial planting in five
states—soil spelled the key to success</i></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In fact, when the first settlers in the
states of Maryland down the coast through Georgia, which had differing soils,
planted such crops as cotton, tobacco, rice, and indigo, at first<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they did not succeed until they realized that
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the specific crops grown in each colony
depended on which crop grew best in that colonies’ type of soil</i> (The
Southern Colonies, Colonial America Articles #6—1607-1732, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</i>, 2021, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Starving Settlers were rampant in
early colonial settlement since the seeds of England and Europe had great
trouble growing in warmer climates, and in some cases didn’t grow at all—many
colonies lost large percentages of their first population. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In Jamestown, settlers suffered from
a “starving time,” when limited crop planting and seeds that did not provide an
abundant harvest, struck the first colony. <span class="hgkelc">One of the most
notable pieces of knowledge passed from the Indian Chief <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Wampanoag</span> to the Pilgrims was exactly
which crops would thrive in the Massachusetts soil—and which plant groups could
be grown together so that they might cooperate in the growing process.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Consequently, settlers of the Age of
Settlement, who came to the Americas from Europe, especially northern Europe,
and brought their seeds with them for planting in their new home, had great
difficulty surviving since their plants did not grow, or not sufficiently to
feed them.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is a far cry from Nephi’s
statements: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“We did begin to till the earth, and
we began to plant seeds; yea, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we did put
all our seeds into the earth, which we had brought from the land of Jerusalem</i>.
And it came to pass that they did grow exceedingly; wherefore, we were blessed
in abundance” (1 Nephi 18:24, emphasis added). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“And the Lord was with us; and we
did prosper exceedingly; for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we did sow
seed, and we did reap again in abundance</i>. And we began to raise flocks, and
herds, and animals of every kind” (2 Nephi 5:11, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So Nephi’s seeds grew exceedingly
and provided an abundant crop. So let’s talke a look at the two main theories.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDOD1V-HSfqrttwSzUtF0GNHn61ZJJluK9Dha1BmZ77hgo2_JTGT-qZSYQKfzLZb42adYQapDUXwkYfsO3OPgl5WT-XRZlRtuzsLz21HgmaoXMJrRsaKQETmPQ5s7hZk61Y4pa_u_oU9_dlaFQAFJlKSTdj-pIYTlun8U6ikvnwMrZ_nQnwvRZ92Q6=s1444" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="794" data-original-width="1444" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDOD1V-HSfqrttwSzUtF0GNHn61ZJJluK9Dha1BmZ77hgo2_JTGT-qZSYQKfzLZb42adYQapDUXwkYfsO3OPgl5WT-XRZlRtuzsLz21HgmaoXMJrRsaKQETmPQ5s7hZk61Y4pa_u_oU9_dlaFQAFJlKSTdj-pIYTlun8U6ikvnwMrZ_nQnwvRZ92Q6=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Köppen Climate Classifications of the United States</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">As for the Great Lakes</i>: <span class="hgkelc">Ohio and Northwestern
Pennsylvania (Harmony): “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dfa</i>” - Hot
summer Continental climate;</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Western
New York (Palmyra) and eastward to the sea: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dfb</i>” - Continental climate</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
As for the Heartland</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: <span class="hgkelc">Illinois, Iowa and No. Missouri: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dfa</i>” - Hot summer Continental climate;
From Southern Missiouri southward and eastward it is “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cfa</i>” humid subtropical.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obviously,
in 600 BC, seeds from a Mediterranean Climate of Jerusalem would not have
grown, or if so very poorly, in any of these sites in either the Great Lakes or
the Heartland. </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One would think that with a little research the theorists
could see that their locations have some very important problems in matching
Mormon’s many descriptions of the Nephite Land of Promise.</span></p>
<p class="topic-paragraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Then there is 30º So. Latitude,
central Chile:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Csb</i>” – Mediterranean Climate: </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters (</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Average
temperatures in La Serena varies little; Considering humidity, temperatures
feel nice most of the year, excluding some cold weeks in the winter, with a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">very low chance of rain or snow throughout
the year</span>—La Serena has dry periods in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">January</span>, February, March, April, September, October, November and
December. With May, June, July and August being wet months with rain, and late October
there is often some moisture, even possibly snow.</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for a continued
understanding of Köppen Classifications and that of Andean South America)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-48280820733031982742021-12-04T06:00:00.029-08:002021-12-04T06:00:00.211-08:00Matching the List of Descriptions in the Scriptural Record – Part V<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Continuing from the previous post
regarding the lists that theorists have created for their individual models,
yet seldom refer to the scriptural record in forming their lists. In addition,
in their describing the types of events or things listed in the Scriptural
Record, they often totally </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">avoid the
mention of some very specific and clear descriptions that Mormon listed existing
in the Land of Promise—but not found in their models. The first seven were </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">listed
previously—we continue here with item #8:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiXQJ4STDMO57FycEFxKoj74SU1l5r4yPltljohi9NMAcx9zi2FyxuaUytMAZ6VgR_gW-rKumSx7C-g06R4PORgMjsMBjd9QlyKn-0te2qot1_QAKGlZaxlfHa-sEEF3Jcb6Kle1wcQOn5vcnulOi2S2Sry67k0Kfb_K-gmwJya9O1OFtSaoBgZsgG-=s1234" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="704" data-original-width="1234" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiXQJ4STDMO57FycEFxKoj74SU1l5r4yPltljohi9NMAcx9zi2FyxuaUytMAZ6VgR_gW-rKumSx7C-g06R4PORgMjsMBjd9QlyKn-0te2qot1_QAKGlZaxlfHa-sEEF3Jcb6Kle1wcQOn5vcnulOi2S2Sry67k0Kfb_K-gmwJya9O1OFtSaoBgZsgG-=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Two animals unknown to Joseph Smith that were very useful to man</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i> </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">8. Two unknown animals that were more useful and
beneficial than horses and asses (donkeys) in the Land of Promise (Mosiah 9:9).
Heartland and Great Lakes theorists also rarely mention that the Land of
Promise should have, or had, these two animals that were unknown to the farming
family of Joseph Smith and, therefore, not given a known name. </span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">As Moroni put it: “And also all manner of cattle,
of oxen, and cows, and of sheep, and of swine, and of goats, and also many
other kinds of animals which were useful for the food of man. And they also had
horses, and asses, and there were elephants and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cureloms and cumoms</i>; all of<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>which
were useful unto man,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> and more especially
the elephants and cureloms and cumoms</i>” (Ether 9:18-19, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">John L. Sorenson and other Mesoamericanists
consider these two animals that Mosiah mentioned and Mormon abridged, as being
the Sloth and the Tapir—two animals that have little value other than for food
in some parts of the world. Neither, under the most<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>liberal thinking, could be considered
valuable to man on the level of horses and elephants as were the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cureloms </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> cumoms. </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The
choice of Heartland theorists for these two animals, that were unknown to Joseph
Smith, is the Buffalo and the Mountain Goat, which was </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">endemic (native
and restricted) to mountainous areas of western North America—specifically the
Rocky Mountains, from which it got its name as the Rocky Mountain Goat.
However, while Buffalo are very valuable to man (the animal that supported “Indian”
life on the plains of North America, they could not be domesticated like horses
and elephants—and, therefore, not as valuable as the elephant as were the </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">cureloms </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> cumoms</i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> like Mormon
wrote (Mosiah 9:19).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwXDUDpTusE8mhifZ4ve7kTL9qqcuzsNvuE2m8MPxW524c2W1zjr7htMux6d553cK6l4XRxaUGyzJIxo7kzejiQ7WFEs9kSbWCVrhjflALkEafAQ9i_YApMEoiVmMkn_plBR7ZvazijBI1sP2te1XdBRdrHmlgERntc5hg-BmdNSKgFwTxbt5KWKlq=s1316" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1316" data-original-width="1058" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwXDUDpTusE8mhifZ4ve7kTL9qqcuzsNvuE2m8MPxW524c2W1zjr7htMux6d553cK6l4XRxaUGyzJIxo7kzejiQ7WFEs9kSbWCVrhjflALkEafAQ9i_YApMEoiVmMkn_plBR7ZvazijBI1sP2te1XdBRdrHmlgERntc5hg-BmdNSKgFwTxbt5KWKlq=w321-h400" width="321" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top: Short grass found just east of the Rocky Mountains; Bottom: The
areas were short grass, mixed grass, and tall grass are located</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It should be noted that the buffalo
lived on the “short grass prairie” that covered the lands just east of the
Rocky Mountains, running from Canada through Montana, the eastern portions of Wyoming,
Colorado, and New Mexico, and the western portion of Texas. Tall grass, which
covered eastern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois (Meldrum’s Heartland), with
mixed grass in between.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This limits the major area of the
buffalo and, except in occasional small numbers of 10 to 30 buffalo in a herd,
from being anywhere in the major portion of both the Heartland and great Lakes
Land of Promise locations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">On
the other hand, Mountain goats which are a locally abundant game animal </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">that
were indigenous to <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the Rocky Mountains (</span>massive
mountain ranges that <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">stretch from
Canada to central New Mexico) and the Cascade Range (Mount </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rainier
National Park in Washington) <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">and other mountain regions of the Western Cordillera</span> of North America,
from Washington, Idaho and Montana through British Columbia and Alberta in
Canada. In fact, the d</span>aily movements by individual mountain goats are
primarily confined to areas <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on the same
mountain face</i>, drainage basin, or alpine opening.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These ungulate animals have long
been eaten by Indigenous Peoples in Canada and were a principle food source for
them; however, in the Rocky Mountains due to difficulty associated with
acquiring these animals, they were hunted only occasionally and only by those who
had access to mountainous habitats and the skills to hunt in rugged terrain. In
addition, it was usually only hunted in the summer when the animal was fat and
the terrain was easiest to navigate.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Dorothy I.D. Kennedy and Randall T.
Bouchard “<strong><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Northern Coast Salish</span></strong>—Indian tribes
of the Pacific Northwest in <em><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Handbook of
North American Indians, Volume 7: Northwest Coast, </span></em><em><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Smithsonian
Institution Scholarly Press</span></em><em><span style="font-family: Palatino;">,
</span></em>Washington, DC, 1990, pp441-445).<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, these goats were important to
particular cultures in and places, but their importance and use was not nearly
as widespread as hoofed-mammals like caribou, elk, deer or moose. In fact, some
of these early Americans consumed goat meat only when other game animals were
scarce (Leslie Main Johnson Gottesfeld, “<strong><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Conservation, Territory, and
Traditional Beliefs,” Human Ecology (USA), vol.22, no.4, December 1994,
pp443-465).</span></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></strong></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4sTH6YIkEvnmFyVEbBXNgO4-pigHittynjnB6fOIFxoiVC1nir1y1MHoc_RLvMgOMYz5jwBnVOYfI7GzTdgvkHmgomhD7Aqmu-qgcZ4cH_hJVLs5Z1engwa4cQJEQOJicaKgyw5FgYA3qlW6JRg_JmAs3dnSa8PJ7v9SIM9IH6NqILYyOyY0h8s8c=s1990" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1990" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4sTH6YIkEvnmFyVEbBXNgO4-pigHittynjnB6fOIFxoiVC1nir1y1MHoc_RLvMgOMYz5jwBnVOYfI7GzTdgvkHmgomhD7Aqmu-qgcZ4cH_hJVLs5Z1engwa4cQJEQOJicaKgyw5FgYA3qlW6JRg_JmAs3dnSa8PJ7v9SIM9IH6NqILYyOyY0h8s8c=s320" width="320" /></a></strong></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Left
Buffalo (bison) of the short-grass plains; Right: Mountain Goat of the Rocky
Mountains</i></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Palatino; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For animals to meet Mormon’s description of being
akin to the elephant and greater value than horses and donkeys, the </span></strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">cureloms </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> cumoms </i>would
have to have been domesticated, and neither the buffalo nor the mountain goat can
be domesticated.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">So we come to South America, where there are two
of the most valuable animals not known in North America until the 20<sup>th</sup>
century, and unknown to farmers and animal raisers during the Smith family of
farmers, were the Andean Llama and Alpaca—two animals extremely useful to man
and more valuable than horses and asses.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">9. crossing over, go over, went over, Mormon’s use
of “over” is an important phrase in gaining insight to his meaning and the
makeup of the Land of Promise terrain. He used: “crossing over,” “going over,” “went
over,” “go over,” etc. to another town or land. </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“crossing over is to pass from one side or area,
physical or abstract, to another</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. To
reach the other bank of the river, they tried crossing over on a small boat.</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Athwart; over; from side to side; To
move or pass laterally, or from one side towards the other, or from place to
place, either at right angles or obliquely; as, to <em><span style="font-family: Palatino;">cross</span></em> from Nantucket to New Bedford.” Actually, that
would be to cross over Nantucket Sound from Nantucket to Martha’s Vinyard, and from
there cross over Vinyard Sound to Naushon Island, and from there cross over
Buzzards Bay to New Bedford.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Such crossing over wordage can be
found in Mormon’s writing when he wrote: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• [they] <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">went over</i> upon the east of the river Sidon, into the valley of
Gideon” (Alma 6:7, emphasis added);</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• “they took their armies and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">went over</i> into the borders of the land
of Zarahemla” (Alma 25:2, emphasis added)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• “</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now this
man <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">went over</i> to the land of Jershon
also, to preach these things among the people of Ammon<span class="hgkelc">“
(Alma 30:19</span>, emphasis added)<span class="hgkelc"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Zoram and his sons <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crossed over</i> the river Sidon” (Alma 16:7,
emphasis added)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• “for thou didst forsake the
ministry, and did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">go over</i> into the
land of Siron, among the borders of the Lamanites” (Alma 39:3, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Crossing
over, went over, go over, means moving over some major divide, like mountains,
canyons, rivers or seas—in order to get to the other side. Like crossing over a
hill or mountain, crossing over a stream or river, crossing over a canyon or
narrow gorge.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgS3CILIGaxnr9LPwrmPDaSQg5Ior6mITsRmZwY9LFGC1N6QBT04l92ELWLEIN5DfnaYOAoPnGpV6mQloDPHYCk1cuxwNNbqAtskd0rIK9ZQ4xIKpiHij6B6_YdDmadUxSR_8ran5QnCxneoHRC3Nge7cfRWC6XHtVa49f5Mrle5p-98Wy3TDTISh05=s1536" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="1536" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgS3CILIGaxnr9LPwrmPDaSQg5Ior6mITsRmZwY9LFGC1N6QBT04l92ELWLEIN5DfnaYOAoPnGpV6mQloDPHYCk1cuxwNNbqAtskd0rIK9ZQ4xIKpiHij6B6_YdDmadUxSR_8ran5QnCxneoHRC3Nge7cfRWC6XHtVa49f5Mrle5p-98Wy3TDTISh05=w400-h141" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Left: You do not cross over a forest,
(Right): you pass through it</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">After
all, you do not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i> a forest—you go through it. You do not
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i> a jungle, you go through it; you do not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">go</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i> a desert—you go
through it. But you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i> a mountain; you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i> a river; you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i> a canyon, you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross over</i> a sea or lake. Again such crossing is found in Mormon’s
writing:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• after they had <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crossed</i>
the sea” (Mosiah 10:13, emphasis added); </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• “they were driven by Lehi into the
waters of Sidon, and they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crossed</i> the
waters of Sidon” (Alma 43:40, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While the Heartland and Great Lakes
areas are mostly flat grasslands and prairies with distant low, rolling hills
in places, the term of cross-over would not relate to those areas as much as an
area with tall mountains that had to be crossed through passes, canyons or
narrow gorges crossed by bridges—the kind of terrain found in Andean South
America.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">These
extensive articles regarding the makeup of the landscape and overall terrain in
the Land of Promise—showing a scriptural record verification of Mormon’s
descriptions—is meant to show theorists that there is a solid basis found to
verify the scriptural record that it is essential to finding and verifying the
location of the Land of Promise. It is not based on tinkering, adjusting or
forcing another meaning or outright changing Mormon’s writing. Instead it
depends upon taking Mormon and others’ writings at face value and building an
understanding on what the scriptural record states and not looking for errors
or so-called inaccuracies so a different meaning supporting a different Land of
Promise location than what was implied and meant.</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-35394426583604541262021-12-03T06:00:00.000-08:002021-12-03T14:04:30.024-08:00Matching the List of Descriptions in the Scriptural Record – Part IV<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Continuing from the previous post
regarding the lists that theorists have created for their individual models,
yet seldom refer to the scriptural record in forming their lists. In addition,
in their describing the types of events or things listed in the Scriptural
Record, they often totally </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">avoid the
mention of some very specific and quite clear descriptions that Mormon listed that
existed in the Land of Promise—but not found in their models. The first four
were </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">listed
previously—we continue here with item #5:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhx1kNR90O8TNbTWyBkr9moDv2bOf2G2ak1g9ACNc9pmwOTH9n6ZRcQGUigddi_3T7akCI8Ui0EA2Baiso8slFGVgGFd5DBVaTyIOSK5JXaCXqr7CBJn_4nJ-GQd1p_1BTUhnsFnVK7cD81c0QQfsqnWUOUxXMh6TW78F2N41SrycCK1n2qOdVCXz3F=s1084" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1084" data-original-width="880" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhx1kNR90O8TNbTWyBkr9moDv2bOf2G2ak1g9ACNc9pmwOTH9n6ZRcQGUigddi_3T7akCI8Ui0EA2Baiso8slFGVgGFd5DBVaTyIOSK5JXaCXqr7CBJn_4nJ-GQd1p_1BTUhnsFnVK7cD81c0QQfsqnWUOUxXMh6TW78F2N41SrycCK1n2qOdVCXz3F=s320" width="260" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mountains in Andean South America. Note the height of the mountains as
they appear from a distance</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">5.
High Mountains in the Land of Promise (Helaman 14:23). Mountains rarely shows
up in such discussions by Heartland or Great Lakes theorists—one of the
reasons, of course, is that mountains do not exist in the Heartland or Great
Lakes theories. However, Samuel the Lamanite speaks of mountains “whose height
is great.” So while Heartland and Great Lakes models point to what few mountains
there are that rise only to about 4,000 feet, and those only on the perimeter
of their Land Southward, Mesoamerica has mountains but they range from the Maya
Mountains in Guatemala and Belize, with a length of only 70 miles and its highest
points being Doyle’s Delight at 3,688 feet and Victoria Peak at 3,670 feet.
There are some lower ranges in central Honduras and northwestern Nicaragua. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">The
main mountain range in Mesoamerica is the Sierra Madre, at 13,845 height (which
is the highest point in Central America), and Sierra Madre de Chiapas, at
13,850 feet. Next in southern Mexico is the Sierra Madre del Sur, which runs
for 620 miles, and rises to 12,200 feet. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">However,
the many mountain ranges in Andean Peru with over 850 peaks between 19,500 feet
and 16,400 feet, and extend 4,300 miles, with many peaks extending over 20,000
feet high, with eight over 22,000.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">When
Samuel the Lamanite emphasized the height of the mountains that would rise in
the Land of Promise, Andean Peru has the highest mountains, and hundreds of
them, in the Western Hemisphere—only the Himalayas of Asia are higher.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">This
alone should show the most avid Heartland theorist the error of their model,
but it rarely, if ever, is discussed by them.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">6. Roads and Highways existed in the Land of
Promise (3 Nephi 6:8). None have been found in Heartland and Great Lakes, and only
a limited amount of somewhat short distance (60-150 miles in length; however,
little evidence exists 1,100 years later) in Mesoamerica and nowhere near the
extent Mormon describes. By comparison to the Mesoamerican <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sacbe</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sacbeob</i>) roads, there
were 25,000 to 30,000 miles of roads existing in Andean South America, of which
the disciple Nephi wrote: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">there were many highways cast up, and many roads made, which
led from city to city, and from land to land, and from place to place” (3 Nephi
6:8). </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqvkWYoIXlBaMo4o_E1A10ANr899U7zJUK9LKS8_tcvHnPmBLwAYCWtY2Vz1sXgL2E6YWEIpAJGetKUgIeX7pmuzGSTxuygz-EnCh23GoguNSe3VkXe9bnoPztKK-8fX5gHPfFf22D9bEP9qRNwaLQVwxgjjSwP8XpcH0_iwBuLuwexfFBEprjhYBn=s1032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="874" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqvkWYoIXlBaMo4o_E1A10ANr899U7zJUK9LKS8_tcvHnPmBLwAYCWtY2Vz1sXgL2E6YWEIpAJGetKUgIeX7pmuzGSTxuygz-EnCh23GoguNSe3VkXe9bnoPztKK-8fX5gHPfFf22D9bEP9qRNwaLQVwxgjjSwP8XpcH0_iwBuLuwexfFBEprjhYBn=s320" width="271" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top: Sacbe road in the Yucatan; Bottom:
An ancient Peruvian road</i></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i> </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As for the makeup of the highways
and roads, these were “broken up,” and spoiled during the destruction at the
time of the crucifixion—dirt roads are not “broken up,” neither are gravel or
rubble roads—breaking up happens to roads that are paved or made of cut and
leveled rock.</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"> </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“The
highways were broken up, and the level roads were spoiled, and many smooth
places became rough” (3 Nephi 8:13).</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">7.
There were two grains, unknown to the farming family of Joseph Smith, that were
in the Land of Promise, called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">neas</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sheum</i> (Mosiah 9:9), that is currently
found, or did exist, in their model location of their Land of Promise. These
grains were listed by Mormon as being on a par with corn, wheat and barley, and
therefore a nutritional whole grain and a good source of vitamins and minerals.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Yet,
as important as such a food group addition, Heartland and Great Lakes theorists
rarely mention that the Land of Promise should have, or had, two such grains
that were unknown to Joseph Smith since they did not arrive in the U.S. until
thre 20<sup>th</sup> century and, therefore, not given a known name by Joseph like
“corn, wheat, or barley (Mosiah 9:9).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvnga-8ottvVwwd9yiOgeuMH1CDzKhwurvFzsSef1XxA1Xu-fmWvk38PY7gNKWW0UnX_aSNNoPKM1XeYAXJ-JOk2k9ROxbFALOokHqrcQ2X0S7CGTFpeTOWbd3hfiNsZ7luovr8hdKVxyhpAld12_VpAkxa7iwTzV6FNnqc3vfRLRXTEeLXcVzSKCL=s1328" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="1328" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvnga-8ottvVwwd9yiOgeuMH1CDzKhwurvFzsSef1XxA1Xu-fmWvk38PY7gNKWW0UnX_aSNNoPKM1XeYAXJ-JOk2k9ROxbFALOokHqrcQ2X0S7CGTFpeTOWbd3hfiNsZ7luovr8hdKVxyhpAld12_VpAkxa7iwTzV6FNnqc3vfRLRXTEeLXcVzSKCL=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">LtoR: Quinoa plants growing in the
field; different variety of quinoa; the seeds</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Consequently,
the most famous grains not known in North America until around 100 years after
the Book of Mormon was published, were the Peruvian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quinoa, </i></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">which is a complete protein, meaning
that it contains all nine essential amino acids that our bodies cannot make on
their own, </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kiwicha</i>—two of the most nutritional
grains known to man. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">As
an example, </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quinoa is a gluten-free superfood
plant, which contains high fiber and protein and is very nutritious. </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In fact, a </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">study by
the Harvard School of Public Health, which </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">brings
together dedicated experts from many disciplines to educate new generations of
global <i><span style="font-family: Palatino;">health</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>leaders, has <span class="hgkelc">stated
that “eating a bowl of quinoa daily may <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">reduce
the chances of early death risk from cancer, heart disease, respiratory
ailments, diabetes, and other chronic diseases by 17%”.</span></span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, </span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quinoa—which
is <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">native to the Andean region of South
America</span>, where it was a staple crop for the Inca, Aymara and other
pre-Columbian peoples, but was replaced by cereals on the arrival of the
Spanish, despite being a local staple food at the time—was not exported to the
U.S. until <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1984. It is a crop that </span>can
be grown <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">just about anywhere</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and <span class="hgkelc">grows well i</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n
the U.S. and Canada, especially in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">areas
of the Rocky Mountains</span>, from Colorado to Saskatchewan, mostly at
elevations of 7,000 to 10,000 feet, and has an enormous genetic range,
including cultivars that can thrive from sea level to about 13,000 feet in
altitude. In fact, it <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">is </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">particularly
well-suited to areas with “high climatic risk” such as the southern Altiplano
in Andean South America—able to withstand levels of drought, salinity, wind,
hail, and frost in which other crops would perish.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Incidentally,
Mosiah also reported: </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all manner of
seeds</i>, with seeds of corn, and of wheat, and of barley, and with neas, and
with sheum, and with seeds of all manner of fruits” (Mosiah 9:9, emphasis
added). Regarding “all manner of seeds,” Andean South America is known for
producing seeds of every kind unknown outside their own croplands. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKYgS9hb8B2Y8_BpommhBy7fYFe2YJ8bPF-Rhz6QgdZ6_6eNRiWy7DXbPFpqdIf48nwePmNYXanGWY2WBFoacMEb9M5QgN0DyH8lkHFuDFA8BwXcC4B_y085T1__km98OmjDSdwnxZTnpBEenWh3n0nhnoyKmB0iRuqoUuFqsQdRw7gCQidM1TqHUD=s1152" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="976" data-original-width="1152" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKYgS9hb8B2Y8_BpommhBy7fYFe2YJ8bPF-Rhz6QgdZ6_6eNRiWy7DXbPFpqdIf48nwePmNYXanGWY2WBFoacMEb9M5QgN0DyH8lkHFuDFA8BwXcC4B_y085T1__km98OmjDSdwnxZTnpBEenWh3n0nhnoyKmB0iRuqoUuFqsQdRw7gCQidM1TqHUD=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top Left: The flowering Mashua tuber plant; Top Right: 9 varieties of
Mashua tubers; Lower Left: the Oca tuber; Lower Right: the Arracacha tuber</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As an example, the early Peruvians
domesticated quinoa as well as potatoes and many indigenous crops, such as: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mashua</i> (a tuber vegetable similar to
cabbage), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cubio</i> (a tuber vegetable
root high in vitamin C and high in protein, like the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mashua</i>), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">oca</i> (a tuber and
staple food)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, arracacha </i>(a root
vegetable like a carrot or celery root)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,
kañawa (</i><span class="markedcontent">also known as cañahua or cañihua, is a
close relative of quinoa)</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, isaño </i>(a
food source with medicinal properties), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Olluco</i>
(<span class="markedcontent">also known as </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">papaliza</i>, a root vegetable), and much more.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for more
information and comparing of the three popular theories against Andean South
America)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-36104445383059840292021-12-02T06:00:00.041-08:002021-12-02T06:00:00.179-08:00Matching the List of Descriptions in the Scriptural Record – Part III<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Continuing from the previous post
regarding the lists that theorists have created for their individual models,
yet seldom refer to the scriptural record in forming their lists. It should be
noted that these theorists’ lists that supposedly point out the main or major
areas that are to be found in the Land of Promise, not only contain items that
are not defensible as pointed out in the first two articles, but that they often
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">avoid the very mention of some very
specific and quite clear descriptions that Mormon listed as existing in the
Land of Promise—but not in their model.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-4Sq46ch_UZvJrXNF1N6df3bim7JSiJivIlAnCenz4w49W5hgMl5-vzH3_33rhuzyEbkIYXkRg0IUuNond9jrSK4QkAk7u-lP18fuj2XPwkicuq4kbBGQfjeHs17EoZGojd9nYdkLuR6zux1u09t3ROUJDXkdqtBqxrY0LSJIvnvFDsRvYx0xjTJW=s1394" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="798" data-original-width="1394" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-4Sq46ch_UZvJrXNF1N6df3bim7JSiJivIlAnCenz4w49W5hgMl5-vzH3_33rhuzyEbkIYXkRg0IUuNond9jrSK4QkAk7u-lP18fuj2XPwkicuq4kbBGQfjeHs17EoZGojd9nYdkLuR6zux1u09t3ROUJDXkdqtBqxrY0LSJIvnvFDsRvYx0xjTJW=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Volcanoes spew smoke and vapors into
the air, sometimes covering hundreds of miles—multiple volcanoes could fill the
air with impenetrable smoke for a thousand miles</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">As
an example, in mentioning volcanoes in the Land of Promise, Heartland and Great
Lakes theorists strongly claim “volcanoes” are not mentioned in the scriptural
record (since there are no volcanoes in the land of their models), and
therefore, not found in the Land of Promise. However, the </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">disciple
Nephi makes a very convincing case or argument for volcanoes when he describes
what took place: </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• When
the three-hour earthquakes and storm ceased, he said: “</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">then
behold, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">there was darkness</i> upon the
face of the land” (3 Nephi 8:19, emphasis added); </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• “There was thick darkness upon all
the face of the land, insomuch that the inhabitants thereof who had not fallen <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could feel the vapor of darkness</i>” (3
Nephi 8:20, emphasis added); </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• “And there was not any light seen,
neither fire, nor glimmer, neither the sun, nor the moon, nor the stars, for so
great were the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mists of darkness</i>
which were upon the face of the land” (3 Nephi 8:22, emphasis added);</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• This mist and vapor of darkness
blocked out all light for three days before it evaporated.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, the theorists’ beliefs and
opinions of their Heartland or Great Lakes theories, as well as
Mesoamericanists, are not valid unless they can show convincing scientific
understanding that explains away Mormon’s abridgement of the disciple Nephi’s
observations of the terrible destruction that took place in the Land of Promise
at the time of the crucifixion as being nothing more than simple cosmetic
effect, as John L. Sorenson has emphatically stated.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">As
examples of these descriptive events or things not covered by theorists, we
find:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgaPmmNv77sAExdVkE7K0BQhb07MMnLP7dh3fU3rC-V3ChA2XMH33ZAiwgUQ8pH0gL-Ne8dYuIlvxf6YvOsyCeg29-EfoNNaeSHXDfRbz05uqhhdTjN2bvqxIBsIGymNw3JsC2zoB5CcUIvfTl00MaQn6ygQ11NDoVZ3E23D_i3355MGfiKsokyY0lr=s1182" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="1182" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgaPmmNv77sAExdVkE7K0BQhb07MMnLP7dh3fU3rC-V3ChA2XMH33ZAiwgUQ8pH0gL-Ne8dYuIlvxf6YvOsyCeg29-EfoNNaeSHXDfRbz05uqhhdTjN2bvqxIBsIGymNw3JsC2zoB5CcUIvfTl00MaQn6ygQ11NDoVZ3E23D_i3355MGfiKsokyY0lr=s320" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Quinine was the only plant derivative
to cure deadly fevers like malaria prior to the 20<sup>th</sup> Century</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">1.
Plants providing a cure for deadly fevers (Alma 46:40)—obviously, the climate
and conditions of the Land of Promise led to the contracting of deadly fevers.
As Mormon put it: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And there were some <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">who
died with fevers</i>, which at some seasons of the year were very frequent in
the land” (Alma 46:40, emphasis added). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So what plants and herbs could cure
deadly fevers? None are noted historically in the Heartland, Great Lakes, or
Mesoamerica, but in Andean South America we find that the only cure anciently,
and until modern science synthesized it, was quinine (it took 150-years to
synthesize the <span class="hgkelc">naturally-occurring antimalarial drug, which
was considered a milestone in organic chemistry although it has never been
produced industrially as a substitute for natural occurring quinine).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quinine,
the only natural cure for malaria and fevers, was indigenous to, and only found
in, ancient Peru, where the Cinchona tree grew, that from its bark, quinine was
and is </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">made—a remedy known and used in Andean South America for
thousands of years.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">2. Contrary to every theorist and their views, Lehi’s
Land of Promise <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">was an island</i>. These
theorists maintain a view that the word “isle” used in the scriptural record
means a distant coastal land; however, Jacob stated they were on an island—as
he said in the temple to a gathering of Nephites: ““Now, my beloved brethren,
seeing that our merciful God has given us so great knowledge concerning these
things, let us remember him, and lay aside our sins, and not hang down our
heads, for we are not cast off; nevertheless, we have been driven out of the
land of our inheritance; but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we have been
led to a better land, for the Lord has made the sea our path, and we are upon
an isle of the sea</i>. But great are the promises of the Lord unto them who
are upon <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the isles of the sea</i>;
wherefore as it says <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">isles</i>, there
must needs be more than this, and they are inhabited also by our brethren” (2
Nephi 10:20-21, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">It should be noted that Nephi was recording this
two-day conference of the Nephites, and shortly after Jacob’s comment above, he
wrote: “And now, Jacob spake many more things to my people at that time;
nevertheless only these things have I caused to be written, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">for the things which I have written
sufficeth me</i>” (Jacob 11:1, emphasis added).</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">It should also be noted that verification of this
“island” is found in the “four seas”—north, south, east and west—listed in as being
around the Land of Promise (Helaman 3:8); and Mormon states that the Land
Southward was nearly surrounded by water except for the Narrow Neck of Land
(Alma 22:32).</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgc4JGsLlXUExsMkGGi1JQX3jxSglGIAGImXOfpZ4HtTE-AffG3oV8kYorXUhDKoRY_PpD-JAmj_9w24xKrC0A_CMsbw-q2VQtjw4hRERGc5CaYL2qDTjKq8OiycRk0QNSiLXufS57ZKp1Wmjxs2xpP3PfmkvIRzeMP_paLDYWWqyUBMudjqxavv4Vj=s1320" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1320" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgc4JGsLlXUExsMkGGi1JQX3jxSglGIAGImXOfpZ4HtTE-AffG3oV8kYorXUhDKoRY_PpD-JAmj_9w24xKrC0A_CMsbw-q2VQtjw4hRERGc5CaYL2qDTjKq8OiycRk0QNSiLXufS57ZKp1Wmjxs2xpP3PfmkvIRzeMP_paLDYWWqyUBMudjqxavv4Vj=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An
island is an island, and the Land of Promise was an island in the midst of the
sea</i></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">It
is interesting that though Helaman described the Land of Promise being surrounded
by water in his description of the spread of the Nephites who: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">did
multiply and spread, and did go forth from the land southward to the land
northward, and did spread insomuch that they began to cover the face of the
whole earth, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">from the sea south to the
sea north, from the sea west to the sea east</i>” (Helaman 3:8, emphasis
added), theorists ignore these references to the Land of Promise being an
island; </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">3.
While the scriptural record makes it clear that in the Land of Promise there
were buildings of every kind (Mosiah 8:8), no buildings have been found in the Heartland
and Great Lakes areas, but have been found in Mesoamerica and Andean South
America—of the latter two, those in South America are older, far more numerous,
and far more sophisticated in design and building achievement;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">4.
The Temple Tower Noah built (Mosiah 11:12). No such structure has been found in
the Heartland or Great Lakes, and none among the buildings of Mesoamerica that
meet the criteria Mormon outlines of Noah ornamenting a temple, and: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">he built
a tower near the temple; yea, a very high tower, even so high that he could
stand upon the top thereof and overlook the land of Shilom, and also the land
of Shemlon, which was possessed by the Lamanites; and he could even look over
all the land round about” (Mosiah 11:12).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Only
in Andean South America are such luxurious temples found, with Spanish
chroniclers listing their beauty and exquisite furnishings, including walls
completely covered with sheets of gold, and elegant silver furnishings and imitations
of plants and animal statues—in fact, the amount of gold and silver provided
Pizarro by the Inca Emperor, amounted to </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1,326,539 <i>pesos de oro</i>, which
is about </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">half a billion dollars today
(this was only a part of all the wealth the Spanish took out of Peru).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjcP6cc36BdfOJwJBTqd4dqa8rAkHEhLAhGu-9-9WeNE0H0pCfNBSw9miqdS5Xvz74maQApiRd6xfhFBq7gNqMUC_zZDH05K0A8kJKUA4Bs6O76EqkGsiCwVwTwl5LxyV9prvzw0G6DB3WsRJG58vibGx9xSs3tm_BIQ9rjLH9jyvxnaepi6WrUPnN=s1212" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="796" data-original-width="1212" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjcP6cc36BdfOJwJBTqd4dqa8rAkHEhLAhGu-9-9WeNE0H0pCfNBSw9miqdS5Xvz74maQApiRd6xfhFBq7gNqMUC_zZDH05K0A8kJKUA4Bs6O76EqkGsiCwVwTwl5LxyV9prvzw0G6DB3WsRJG58vibGx9xSs3tm_BIQ9rjLH9jyvxnaepi6WrUPnN=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The so-called “ransom room” </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">in Cajamarca, where the Inca
Emperor, Atahualpa, was imprisoned by the Spanish conquistadores </span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After the battle of Cajamarca,
Atahualpa, the Inca Emperor offered Pizarro to buy his liberty by filling the
room where he was kept prisoner with gold and the two following rooms with
silver, up to the level of the reach of his arm. The room was 22 feet long and
17 feet wide, while the red line marking the height of the Inca's reach, was 9
feet high. Atahualpa also offered to twice fill a smaller room with silver.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">While
some theorists may acknowledge that a tower existed, they cannot show where it
was built, let alone pinpoint its location as described by Mormon—however, the
tower next to a temple is not only known, but the foundation of its exact
location, as the Spanish descried, has been found and uncovered and available
to be seen today—only in Andean South America was such a tower found, and it
was written and described by all chroniclers since it played such an important
part of the conquest of Peru.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgBRTvg4_jmDtiTqKiSNI9nD4i66yI1hIqLXDFBDLlKePfXe4ukOvk9wdEiHIPnRUw58dk_7_NR2q8-DjngLOFdLzWa_hOBexXZKg1wGhwmnYI8S2NTuv0ZPZrXWURqbZrVVKFtNX7yHHrPjLx36YK7ZjiXi0fsVDRVKD0W4r0141ohFYLOg9geS1i0=s1168" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1168" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgBRTvg4_jmDtiTqKiSNI9nD4i66yI1hIqLXDFBDLlKePfXe4ukOvk9wdEiHIPnRUw58dk_7_NR2q8-DjngLOFdLzWa_hOBexXZKg1wGhwmnYI8S2NTuv0ZPZrXWURqbZrVVKFtNX7yHHrPjLx36YK7ZjiXi0fsVDRVKD0W4r0141ohFYLOg9geS1i0=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Top: Rounded stones show ancient
building ability; Bottom: The foundation of a very high round tower in the
exact location the Spanish described</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">This
tower, called </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Muyucmarca</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> in
Quechua, is also</span><b><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La torre de
Cahuide—</i>the “the tower of Cahuide,” who was an Inca leader in 1536 who
jumped from the top of the tower rather than be taken prisoner by the
Spanish—was a very tall tower (only the foundation remains) with an important
historical value. <span style="font-family: Palatino;">It is known that
the Inca general Titu Cusi Huallpa (also called Cahuide) jumped from the
highest part to avoid being taken prisoner by the Spanish</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>during the Incan resistance of 1536.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for more
information and comparing of the three popular theories against Andean South
America)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-3331518938735275202021-12-01T06:00:00.029-08:002021-12-01T06:00:00.165-08:00Matching the List of Descriptions in the Scriptural Record – Part II<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Continuing
from the previous post </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">with more information and comparisons of the three popular
theories against Andean South America. The</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> first 8
items were listed on the previous post—we continue here with #9: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">9. There
are earthquakes in both Mesoamerica and Andean South America, each area being
on the western Pacific coastal lands of the Pacific Ocean, where most of the
earth’s quakes appear, especially the most severe. In fact, </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">90%
of the world’s earthquakes occur in this zone.</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> Consequently, in the Western Hemisphere, from Alaska down to
Chile, coastal cities, towns and villages have been heavily hit over the course
of time with costly and deadly earthquakes. The word “earthquake” was first used
in English in the 1640s, coming from “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quavinge
of erpe</i>,” meaning “earthquake,” though literally it is “shaking of the
earth” in Middle English. The word, as we see and use it today came from the 13<sup>th</sup>
century <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eorthequakynge</i>, </span><span class="hgkelc"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">eorðdyn, eorðhrernes,
eorðbeofung, eorðstyrung</span></i></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
literally meaning a</span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> “movement or vibration of a
part of the earth’s crust.” </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">It is
interesting to see what the disciple Nephi wrote of the severity of the
destruction following the crucifixion: “</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">that it did <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shake the whole earth</i> as if it was about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to divide asunder</i>” (3 Nephi 8:6, emphasis added); “the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">exceedingly great quaking</i> of the whole
earth” (vs12); “Many were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shaken</i> till
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">buildings thereof had fallen to the
earth</i>, and the inhabitants thereof were slain, and the places were left
desolate” (vs14); “And thus the face of the whole earth became deformed,
because of the tempests, and the thunderings, and the lightnings, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and the quaking of the earth”</i> (vs17); “and
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the quakings of the earth</i> did
cease—for behold, they did last for about the space of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">three hours</i> (vs19). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgxBpVwPHAMyuGCZYHCFahnRLZOeTaGM0Ig_iaKI8yEZKl7h1lUiBAKX86hUQBAy3IA9m6_G2ZVKX6qL1rPDa9B2cXTj5XeQnTRKzbvxvLyVngAdQ9SCZT1Dm0fhiWB0yNl1pJimI0He6akeOsOYhzqapAi2gV_h9AAG--0eCRZX7A4hn5SrxLkUoQB=s1160" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1160" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgxBpVwPHAMyuGCZYHCFahnRLZOeTaGM0Ig_iaKI8yEZKl7h1lUiBAKX86hUQBAy3IA9m6_G2ZVKX6qL1rPDa9B2cXTj5XeQnTRKzbvxvLyVngAdQ9SCZT1Dm0fhiWB0yNl1pJimI0He6akeOsOYhzqapAi2gV_h9AAG--0eCRZX7A4hn5SrxLkUoQB=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nephite roads were broken up and spoiled at the time of the crucifixion</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some of the results of this quaking
of the whole earth were: “And the highways were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">broken up</i>, and the level roads were spoiled, and many smooth places
became rough” (vs13); “And behold, the rocks were rent in twain; they were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">broken up</i> upon the face of the whole
earth, insomuch that they were found in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">broken
fragments</i>, and in seams and in cracks, upon all the face of the land”
(vs18).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Despite Heartland and Great Lakes
theorists claiming there were no “earthquakes” mentioned in the scriptural
record during this destructive three-hour period, Mormon makes it clear that
these were earthquakes, though that word was not used—no doubt because it was
unknown in Mormon’s time and it is doubtful Joseph Smith would have experienced
an earthquake living in New England.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In fact, “<span class="hgkelc">While <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">minor earthquakes do happen from time to time
in New England</span>, tremors that are felt by a large number of people and cause
damage <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">are rare</i>. A recent earthquake
in 2020 was originally measured as a magnitude 4.2 on the Richter scale by the
USGS before they changed it to a 3.6—according to the USGS, anything at 3.0 or
under is not felt by people; a 3.5 is barely felt and viewed as a slight
movement of hanging objects; a 4.0 feels like a large truck passing by and a
5.0 can rattle dishes and break windows, and is felt and viewed as an
earthquake.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since 1943, the largest earthquake
to hit Vermont (the state Joseph Smith was born in and where he lived until age
10 or 11, prior to moving to Palmyra) was 2.4—in Palmyra, where Joseph lived
until he was married and obtained the plates, a handful of earthquakes occurred
each year, with magnitudes in the 1.9 to 2.1 range.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGTX3kjWBWun2DS9-6x2lSloKxZiene0NbQ9QvPaINNtXbZwCxdj2Gh7yzi3ZndZG5dZAgf33TFyUkFCNBMf-5J4VCw9CDzCGoNkegyCfAtGkJZZGB_8YVQLym3xs5KjR8jUoKy_VdsJmlmAcitN3wxT3otoVTg2OpowFUXEbGdgh4JM2i7a3FEb_J=s1100" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="902" data-original-width="1100" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGTX3kjWBWun2DS9-6x2lSloKxZiene0NbQ9QvPaINNtXbZwCxdj2Gh7yzi3ZndZG5dZAgf33TFyUkFCNBMf-5J4VCw9CDzCGoNkegyCfAtGkJZZGB_8YVQLym3xs5KjR8jUoKy_VdsJmlmAcitN3wxT3otoVTg2OpowFUXEbGdgh4JM2i7a3FEb_J=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The areas in New England, western New York, and northern Pennsylvania
where Joseph Smith lived through the period of translating the plates. Note the
average earthquake magnitude (in black) that these states</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According to Paul Caruso, a
geophysicist with the USGS, New England does not feel earthquakes because of
their distance from the fault lines along western coastal lands (like
California). What is felt on occasion in New England and the Heartland is the
result of what scientists call Isostatic Rebound. On the other hand, Charles
Scharnberger, a retired professor of geology at Millersville University in
Pennsylvania, says “We don’t know what causes earthquakes in the northeastern
part of North America.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The point is, that these earthquakes
are small and the vast majority unfelt—many states in the east average quakes
in the 1.5 to 3.0 range.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, it is not likely Joseph Smith
would have thought in terms of “earthquakes” when translating the plates. Thus
the word “earthquake” was not used in his translation as it would not have
appeared in Mormon’s writing—but the effects of powerful “earthquakes” are,
without question, written about in 3 Nephi 8, which eliminates both the
Heartland and Great Lakes as the Land of Promise.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">10. Also,
Mesoamerica and Andean South America both have volcanoes, being on these
western Pacific coastal lands that are part of this Ring of Fire, which </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">is a
region around much of the coastal lands of the Pacific Ocean, where many
volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. It is a horseshoe-shaped ring or belt
nearly 25,000 miles long and up to about 300 miles wide. It got its “Ring of
Fire” name <span class="hgkelc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">from all
of the volcanoes that lie along this belt—about </span>75% of the world's
volcanoes are located here, many underwater.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="hgkelc"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOjYpotjMKbrSUg8o8V0gVsT_KtDJA_bE5sMPGQjGNWxsFiSa5W9Bb4mC78K7jocbh6aCGUXwwvyvkGw_NitSqFUstH0MLZWiO0zG-PirfbXZLHWJgOe0v67K5V3Bovr1u_wvXL4LTutRp10jaNdvdbrPHSRXJt8t_XQ5RdpoJf3m6wqMBOoNfK3pK=s1410" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1028" data-original-width="1410" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOjYpotjMKbrSUg8o8V0gVsT_KtDJA_bE5sMPGQjGNWxsFiSa5W9Bb4mC78K7jocbh6aCGUXwwvyvkGw_NitSqFUstH0MLZWiO0zG-PirfbXZLHWJgOe0v67K5V3Bovr1u_wvXL4LTutRp10jaNdvdbrPHSRXJt8t_XQ5RdpoJf3m6wqMBOoNfK3pK=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Red Arrows indicate directional
movement of plates—as an example, the Pacific plate pushes against the Nazca
plate, which then subducts (goes under) the more stationary South American
plate, which then creates upward movement and mountain growth; White circle
shows no plates exist in the inner United States west of the Pacific
coast—hence, no earthquakes or volcanoes in the Heartland or Great Lakes
locations</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When </span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tectonic
plates move against each other at boundaries, typically along a coast, they
cause earthquakes and eruptions of magma, which <em><span style="font-family: Palatino;">form</span></em> into volcanoes that afterward erupt into volcanic
activity, spewing more magna, creating more volcanoes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order for the numerous occurrences
described by the disciple Nephi of the events in the Land of Promise at the
time of the crucifixion which shows, without a doubt, that many volcanoes had
to have been involved along a convergent boundary of a tectonic plate movement,
where the Pacific Plate is the most active <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
boundary type that produces the most earthquakes is <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">convergent boundaries</span> where two continental plates collide—the earthquakes
are deep and very powerful. This exists between the Pacific plate and the South
American plate. In general, the deepest and the most powerful earthquakes occur
at plate collision (or subduction—where an oceanic plate dives under a
continental plate) zones at convergent plate boundaries</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Each tectonic plate is free-floating
and can move independently. Earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of
the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. The term <span style="font-family: Palatino;">fault</span> is used to describe the
boundary between tectonic plates. Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around
the Pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the
movement of tectonic plates in this region. Other observable results of
short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the Great Rift lakes
in eastern Africa and the rising of the Himalayan Mountain range. The motion of
plates can be described in four general patterns:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_J-pSxlpOY_fexHEZYk1rfRNxC61IhERX5oE0FJ9MeG9-wvwtLrc6qX-T6CsVwVq3wqUAL07RFhWfutq3QgJkZEEY00Ty3lOH-McfzGnNWdkkdOswZRvh9F8MOrEWnmnnEzv4b9iT_Ze6-Aommn9JpXu3DUTqr9vgpyBwwg1wx-PmNpekHsKnHWZN=s1188" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="1188" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_J-pSxlpOY_fexHEZYk1rfRNxC61IhERX5oE0FJ9MeG9-wvwtLrc6qX-T6CsVwVq3wqUAL07RFhWfutq3QgJkZEEY00Ty3lOH-McfzGnNWdkkdOswZRvh9F8MOrEWnmnnEzv4b9iT_Ze6-Aommn9JpXu3DUTqr9vgpyBwwg1wx-PmNpekHsKnHWZN=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Showing
the frequency of earthquakes (yellow dots) and the obvious fact that none of
these appear in the Heartland or Great Lakes or New England areas</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tectonic
plates, also known as Lithospheric plates, are part of this planetary scale
thermal convection system. The energy source for plate tectonics is Earth's
internal heat while the forces moving the plates are the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">“ridge push” and “slab pull” gravity forces. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, with this understanding of
tectonic plates and their movement, earthquakes and volcanoes cannot be explained
through any other means, i.e., there were no earthquakes to speak of in the
Heartland and Great Lakes area, and certainly no volcanoes—yet, the disciple
Nephi is very specific in Mormon’s abridgement on describing earthquakes in the
Land of Promise, as well as describing the result of enormous volcanic
activity. This leads us to the reason why <span class="hgkelc">Heartland and
Great Lake theorists claim no such volcanoes are mentioned in the scriptural
record and deny they are part of the destruction in 3 Nephi—they don’t exist in
their model locations, so they cannot accept that they exist in the scriptural
record.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post regarding these
lists that theorists have created for their individual models, yet do not even
write about or discuss those clearly stated items in the scriptural record)</span></p>
<p><style>@font-face
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5948352943362975805.post-72125142253160254322021-11-30T06:00:00.031-08:002021-11-30T06:00:00.183-08:00Matching the List of Descriptions in the Scriptural Record – Part I<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">When
reading the various theories of Lehi’s landing site and the home of the
Nephites for a thousand years, most theorists have a list of items they feel
need to be met for a Land of Promise location to be determined. These lists
vary from five or six to ten or twelve—but many, if not most of these lists
contain items that are either not in the scriptural record, mis-interpreted or mis-understood
by the theorist(s), or inadequately addressed or </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">do not demonstrate what the theorist(s) think they
do, or </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">is
not evident from what Mormon or the others say, or </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">that reason suggests they are being mis-used. In
fact, most items on these lists are not listed with the scriptural reference
given us by Mormon, Nephi, Jacob, or Moroni. As an example:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTKTWD3pI_1qM4A9ylfPfTlePrWqpto0dNTzdKYti1A3PLdQZXPGpDZZOENjY9w6t-omLHlLk_70oTSYTCDhsbokK9niz4U5vf46bVYCcRTl3mrdtXYNlrszIFC8J9dE9d6tZtWpEAHQ1P39fKYfoOr1CLziwH1NF_tTFxDSnRwmFjRTMAloAqPd2E=s1138" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="704" data-original-width="1138" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTKTWD3pI_1qM4A9ylfPfTlePrWqpto0dNTzdKYti1A3PLdQZXPGpDZZOENjY9w6t-omLHlLk_70oTSYTCDhsbokK9niz4U5vf46bVYCcRTl3mrdtXYNlrszIFC8J9dE9d6tZtWpEAHQ1P39fKYfoOr1CLziwH1NF_tTFxDSnRwmFjRTMAloAqPd2E=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sorenson’s map of his Land of Promise
where Mormon’s “west” is Sorenson’s “North” and Mormon’s “South” is Sorenson’s “East”</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">1.
John L. Sorenson trying to show why Mormon did not use the cardinal directions
we know, but a different understanding of directions he claims were known to
the Hebrews, but does not show a scriptural reference to support his conclusion
of using west instead of north and east instead of south n both land and sea
locations;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">2.
Some theorists’ list includes a record of writing in post Nephi times that show
the Nephi writing is still being used—</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">unrelated to the geography but
important to some modelers is current evidence of ancient writing, which they
claim there are only two regions in the Americas showing the high degree of
ancient civilization required by the text of the Book of Mormon. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One of these locations is centered
in South America in the region once occupied by the Inca civilization. The
other is centered in Mesoamerica in the region once occupied by the Maya and
the Olmec civilizations. They claim that of the two, only the civilizations in
the Mesoamerican region are known to have had a sophisticated form of writing
(Michael D. Coe,<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> <i>The Maya </i>6th ed.,
Thames & Hudson, New York, 2002, p13). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While
that is the opinion of the Mesoamerican theorist(s), it is not accurate—there are
several examples of ancient writing found in Andean Peru that is at least on a
par with Mesoamerica. The difference is that it was not used by the Inca—whose accredited
talents and achievements were not accomplished by them, but by an earlier
civilization. Regarding post-Nephite writing, Rongorongo writing of Easter
Island that was transported there from Peru, has defied interpretation and
translation by numerous linguists who have made the attempt;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiBzD1U6h7SpeJm2jhGEYGahLW6LOqbpCzPl844gJhYEFQGc5yFdeYFbgGDxztefiMqFBu42pT2Wu4XYSAf-baT3hYovrlADbMu2P_0yg5D1KOiAScNq12LalkjfgvaDqcQv8o5x7w9GpoCmm_4c3vX6MtsHAPWLXAAhm5RJNjTPcwQ_bthCfVrHOli=s1262" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="872" data-original-width="1262" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiBzD1U6h7SpeJm2jhGEYGahLW6LOqbpCzPl844gJhYEFQGc5yFdeYFbgGDxztefiMqFBu42pT2Wu4XYSAf-baT3hYovrlADbMu2P_0yg5D1KOiAScNq12LalkjfgvaDqcQv8o5x7w9GpoCmm_4c3vX6MtsHAPWLXAAhm5RJNjTPcwQ_bthCfVrHOli=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>Two different Narrow Necks of Land on one Heartland map</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">3.
Some lists show that their Narrow Neck of Land is the Niagara Peninsula, which
runs east and west (not north and south as Mormon describes)—others claim there
are as many as five narrow necks and narrow passes scattered over their models,
one being between the Black Swamp of Lake Erie and the Grand Kankakee River
marsh and Lake Michigan;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">4.
Mesoamericanists list the Narrow Neck of Land running east and west—their
Isthmus of Tehuantepec—at between 130 and 144 miles in width—obviously, not
possible for a Nephite to cross in a day-and-a-half;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">5.
Heartlanders use modern-day prophecies, statements, and even opinions, rather
than rely initially on a scriptural Book of Mormon reference and state it as
such. As an example, of the 32 statements in the Appendix of Porter and Meldrum’s
book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Promises and Prophecies</i>, only 3
are referenced to the Book of Mormon—15 are newspaper articles, 3 are letters,
and 4 are articles in various formats;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">6.
Mesoamericanists claim that t</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">he limited geography models are the
result of the text of the Book of Mormon—and to be realistically interpreted as
an historical document, the events described must be limited to an area of
several hundred square miles (</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Bruce
H. Porter and Rod L. Meldrum, <i>Prophecies and Promises: The Book of
Mormon and the United States of America</i>, Digital Legend Press and
Publishing, New York, 2009, p13);</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">7.
Mesoamericanists and Heartland models have very different climates. First, Mesoamericanists
associate climate only with the warmth of the Land of Promise and the wearing
of loincloths; however, what is far more important about climate is the growing
of seeds brought from Jerusalem which they planted in the location of Lehi’s
landing. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">In
600 BC, seeds grew well only in the same climate as that in which they were
developed, and since Jerusalem has a Mediterranean Climate, Lehi had to have landed
in an area with a Mediterranean Climate for his seeds to have grown exceedingly
and produced an abundant crop (1 Nephi 18:24).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgurXGz5GZpYc2cq6m5aqDkl6mAUg-Pnzzc-B-SxDyxComPHKHLNRmJpNTVXLd1yee5OUWFkD-aNda4vS00OQcW5oAHa73zxBV0JDOVAtqyaB168s6Iwgq_jfuRqrNlMYdb1W6Ros76pI0FEvHKLCuzpy2UYCqoQOqkzSHx_bxfT6tCDINvvQpvFay8=s1242" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="920" data-original-width="1242" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgurXGz5GZpYc2cq6m5aqDkl6mAUg-Pnzzc-B-SxDyxComPHKHLNRmJpNTVXLd1yee5OUWFkD-aNda4vS00OQcW5oAHa73zxBV0JDOVAtqyaB168s6Iwgq_jfuRqrNlMYdb1W6Ros76pI0FEvHKLCuzpy2UYCqoQOqkzSHx_bxfT6tCDINvvQpvFay8=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Example of the </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Köppen-Geiger-Pohl </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Climate
Classification. Over many years, they have succeeded in mapping the entire
world in their very popular climate categories</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Jerusalem’s
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Köppen-Geiger-Pohl
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Climate Classification is Csa or Csb—</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dry summer
climate</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> characterized by dry
summers and mild, wet winters</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">(The difference is </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Csa: hot, dry summers or Csb: cool,
dry summers). However, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Mesoamerica’s </span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Köppen-Geiger-Pohl
</span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Climate Classification is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cwb</i>—</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oceanic
Subtropical Highland Climate</span></i><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, and also <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aw—Tropical Savanna Climate</i>, neither of which would have provided a
growing climate for Lehi’s seeds “brought from Jerusalem, which is a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dry summer climate</span> is characterized by
dry summers and mild, wet winters</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secondly, </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">Heartland theorists claim they have a similar
climate with that of Jerusalem since they are on the nearly same latitude—</span><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jerusalem
is 31.7º north Latitude; Apalachicola, Florida is 28.7º Latitude; and 30.4º for
Tallahassee, Florida; while Crystal River, Florida is 28.9.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The problem with this is that
Mediterranean Climates outside of the Mediterranean basin are found along the
western coasts, not the eastern or southern coasts in the southeast United
States.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The climate classification for Apalachicola,
Florida, is Cfa, “<span class="jpfdse"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">humid
subtropica</span></span></span>l,” <span class="hgkelc">with short, mild winters and hot, humid summers.</span> In
addition, the proposed landing site of Lehi at Crystal River, Florida, also has
a Cfa classification, “Humid subtropical <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">climate,”</span>
and found on the eastern sides of the continents between 20º and 35º N and S
latitude; besides, there is significant rainfall throughout the year in
Crystal River—even the driest month still has a lot of rainfall.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCzs1Jx17-akXTmjsbzM6fuS5IiZyqnK23GMJ9gRKCAoTS3A6NMeX9fKYdLQsaZLU4CQT3B1eIzgbzNH-A2_YurEOJ-vYTAoTpG_oqsnTe2kFjrE6xKxI3EQpfYSJ-qTzc9PJ_MBtx0PhoyLaiA5cXBI_Dq7pDmwXtXgAz87ldu7YGEBm9OvKTonmq=s1246" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="1246" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCzs1Jx17-akXTmjsbzM6fuS5IiZyqnK23GMJ9gRKCAoTS3A6NMeX9fKYdLQsaZLU4CQT3B1eIzgbzNH-A2_YurEOJ-vYTAoTpG_oqsnTe2kFjrE6xKxI3EQpfYSJ-qTzc9PJ_MBtx0PhoyLaiA5cXBI_Dq7pDmwXtXgAz87ldu7YGEBm9OvKTonmq=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Other than the Mediterranean Sea area itself, all Mediterranean
Climates are located on the western coastal area of continents</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the other hand, in South America,
Coquimbo and La Serena, Chile, are on the western coast of the continent at 30º
south latitude in South America, and have a Mediterranean Climate. As Nephi
said of their landing site: “we did put all our seeds into the earth, which we
had brought from the land of Jerusalem. And it came to pass that they did grow
exceedingly; wherefore, we were blessed in abundance” (1 Nephi 18:24). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">8.
Metallurgy (Ether 10:7,27), gold and silver (1 Nephi 18:25; Helaman 6:9), did
not exist in the Heartland and Great Lakes during Jaredite or Nephite times.
While there was plenty of copper in the Great Lakes area, and very limited
scattering of gold and silver east of the Rocky Mountains, full metallurgy as
described in the scriptural record was unknown. In Mesoamerica, metallurgy of
any kind was not known until sometime between 600 and 900 AD.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino;">However,
Andean Peru was known for its full metallurgy from the Jaredite period onward </span><span style="font-family: Palatino;">
<span style="font-family: Palatino; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">without interruption. To show the extensiveness of
these ores in Andean South America, today Chile and Peru are world leaders in
copper, gold and silver reserves and world exports of these precious metals</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: Palatino; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(See the next post for more
information and comparing of the three popular theories against Andean South
America)</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>Delhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08982095508142923740noreply@blogger.com0