An overall aerial view of the Valley
of Cuzo, the City of Nephi, and the City of Shilom and the settlement of
Shemlon (Chaquillchaca), which was controlled by the Lamanites. Also note only
three entrances existed into the Valley through the surrounding hills. Also
note the hills all around the area, showing the wisdom of where Nephi settled
when escaping from his brothers
Overall, two towers existed, one on the hill overlooking the Valley (Sacsahuaman) and one at the temple site in the Valley, likely the foundation of what is called today the Church of Santo Domingo, and forms its base.
Aerial close-up of Sacsahuaman and
the Tower built there by Noah. To the West is the Lamanite settlement of
Shemlon, and to the south, beneath the hill is Shilom. Only the tower on
Sacsayhuaman could have seen both locations. Note, that the wilderness Noah fled into
would have been behind or north of Sacsahuaman
Today, the Church of Santo Domingo,
built on top of the ancient ruins of the first temple, now called the
Coricancha, which is the basement foundation of the present Spanish cathedral
When the Spanish conquistadors arrived, they were so awe-struck by these ancient constructions that they asked the Inca who built them, since the Spanish could not believe the lowly and backward Inca (even though they had built a powerful ruling state in the Andes) could have ever built such places. The Inca told the Spanish that they had been built long ago in the past by giants, long before the Inca.
Within the city of Cuzco, the Spaniards found numerous public buildings, which they called temples, built with trapezoid doorways and windows, along walls that leaned slightly inwards as they rose in height. The light that entered from the unique windows and doorways allowed access and light to enter the interior spaces and a broad band of gold was added mid-way height around the walls. The interior buildings were of one story and doors were also covered in gold sheets, as were the interiors and exteriors of the various temples and the inner side of the perimeter wall was even said to have been studded with emeralds.
Part of the foundation structure
under the Church of Santo Domingo. These ancient walls were part of the first
temple and have weathered thousands of years of earthquakes without a single
mishap
The Spanish chronicler Pedrso Sarmiento de Gamboa wrote that Viracocha was described as "a man of medium height, white and dressed in a white robe like an alb (similar to the long, white linen tunic worn by the Romans) and secured round the waist; he carried a staff and a book in his hands. In legend, Viracocha had one son, called Inti, and at one time destroyed all his creations by Flood, saving two. Manco Capac was the son of Inti, which name means splendid foundation.”
It seems obvious, that over time, and given the nature of the ungodly to attribute all things of God to man and nature, Viracocha became one of a pantheon of gods and Inti, a god of the Sun or Sun God.
The original temple, built to Viracocha and dedicated to the Creator God, had both interior and exterior walls covered in gold—called the “sweat of the sun”—which was beaten into sheet plates. There were, reportedly, 700 of these half-meter square sheets, each weighing 9 pounds. Inside the temple now called Coricancha in the center of Cuzco, besides golden artifacts relevant to the god's worship, was a gold statue of Inti encrusted with jewels. The statue represented Inti as a small seated boy called Punchao (Day or Midday Sun). From his head and shoulders the sun's rays shone, he wore a royal headband and had snakes and lions coming out of his body. The stomach of the statue was hollow and used to store the ashes of the vital organs of previous Inca rulers. Everyday this statue was brought out into the open air and returned to the shrine each night. One can easily see the point of worship and religion changing over time by these legends.
The Gold Sun Mask with the sacred
ceque (zeq’e) lines, physical and cosmic roads of which there were 41 which led
to an impressive 328 sacred sites
According to some of the chroniclers, all the Natives of this land affirmed that in the beginning, and before this world was created, there was a being called Viracocha. He created a dark world without sun, moon or stars, and owing to this creation he was named Viracocha Pachayachachi, which means "Creator of all things." To him, all things were made and for him, all things of man were dedicated. As an example, even during Inca times, in the outside garden of “his” temple, was a wonderfully conceived homage to Inti. Just as land—sometimes even entire regions—were dedicated to the god, so too, this garden was constructed in honor of the great sun god. Everything in it was made of gold and silver. A large field of corn and life-size models of shepherds, llamas, jaguars, guinea pigs, monkeys, birds and even butterflies and insects were all crafted in precious metals. And if that wasn't enough there were also a large number of gold and silver jars all encrusted with precious stones. All that survives the Spanish greed of the conquest that took and melted down all these metals and shipped it back to Spain, are a few golden corn stalks, a convincing, if silent, testimony to the lost treasures of Coricancha.
The walls were covered with sheets of gold, the pillars and the ceiling
were covered in gold, all of which the Spanish stripped, melted down into gold
ingots and shipped back to the Crown in Spain
There was also a dedicated space for the mummified remains of former Inca emperors and their wives, known as mallquis. These were brought out of storage during special ceremonies such as those celebrating the solstices. Offerings were made to these mummies dressed in fine clothes, and the great achievements they had made during their reigns were read out for all to hear. There were also living quarters for priests and priestesses and still other rooms of the complex were used as art and religious treasuries stuffed with artifacts taken from conquered peoples. These may well have been kept in order to guarantee compliance to Inca rule, just as conquered rulers were sometimes held hostage at Cuzco for periods of a year. Yet another interesting feature of the site was an underground channel through which sacred water flowed to the surrounding squares outside the complex.
Other important functions of Coricancha included the taking of astronomical observations, especially of the Milky Way (Mayu). There was, for example, a pair of towers which marked the Summer solstice and sightings were taken from the sacred ushnu stone against man-made and natural landmarks on the horizon to track the sun. Sacrificial victims (capacochas) were also made ready for their great moment in the precinct's courtyard and then marched along the ceque lines to be sacrificed in the various provinces in honor of Inti and his living incarnation, the Inca emperor.
(See the next post, “Were Thre Two Towers? – Part II,” for more on the two towers that Noah built and their locations and which fits where in the scriptural record)
Very interesting. Thanks Del!
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